Rothbart M K, Ahadi S A, Evans D E
Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403-1227, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000 Jan;78(1):122-35. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.78.1.122.
This article reviews how a temperament approach emphasizing biological and developmental processes can integrate constructs from subdisciplines of psychology to further the study of personality. Basic measurement strategies and findings in the investigation of temperament in infancy and childhood are reviewed. These include linkage of temperament dimensions with basic affective-motivational and attentional systems, including positive affect/approach, fear, frustration/anger, and effortful control. Contributions of biological models that may support these processes are then reviewed. Research indicating how a temperament approach can lead researchers of social and personality development to investigate important person-environment interactions is also discussed. Lastly, adult research suggesting links between temperament dispositions and the Big Five personality factors is described.
本文回顾了一种强调生物和发展过程的气质研究方法如何整合心理学各子学科的概念，以推动人格研究。文中回顾了婴幼儿期气质研究的基本测量策略和研究结果。这些包括气质维度与基本情感动机和注意系统的联系，包括积极情感/趋近、恐惧、挫折/愤怒和努力控制。接着回顾了可能支持这些过程的生物学模型的贡献。文中还讨论了一些研究，这些研究表明气质研究方法如何引导社会和人格发展领域的研究者去探究重要的人与环境的相互作用。最后，描述了关于气质倾向与大五人格因素之间联系的成人研究。
