Shiner R L
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
Psychol Bull. 1998 Nov;124(3):308-32. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.308.
Developmental researchers have neglected the study of personality traits in middle childhood, thus leaving unanswered many questions about childhood personality structure. This article presents a developmental framework for understanding personality in middle childhood and critically reviews 5 models of temperament and personality structure in this age range: the models of A. Thomas and S. Chess, A. H. Buss and R. Plomin, M. K. Rothbart, J. Block and J. H. Block, and the Big Five. A number of robust personality dimensions common to these models and the broader developmental and adult personality literatures are then discussed: sociability, social inhibition, dominance, negative emotionality, aggressiveness, prosocial disposition, persistence/attention, mastery motivation, inhibitory control, and activity level. These dimensions represent a preliminary taxonomy of personality traits for exploring questions of individual development in childhood.
发展心理学家忽视了童年中期人格特质的研究，因此留下了许多关于儿童人格结构的未解之谜。本文提出了一个理解童年中期人格的发展框架，并批判性地回顾了该年龄范围内的5种气质和人格结构模型：A. 托马斯和S. 切斯的模型、A. H. 巴斯和R. 普洛明的模型、M. K. 罗斯巴特的模型、J. 布洛克和J. H. 布洛克的模型，以及大五人格模型。随后讨论了这些模型以及更广泛的发展心理学和成人人格文献中一些共同的稳健人格维度：社交性、社交抑制、支配性、负面情绪、攻击性、亲社会倾向、坚持性/注意力、掌握动机、抑制控制和活动水平。这些维度代表了一个人格特质的初步分类法，用于探索儿童个体发展的问题。
