Caspi A
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, University of London, England.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000 Jan;78(1):158-72. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.78.1.158.
This article presents findings about continuities in personality development that have been uncovered in the Dunedin study, an investigation of a cohort of children studied from age 3 to 21. At age 3, children were classified into temperament groups on the basis of observations of their behavior. In young adulthood, data were collected from study members themselves, from people who knew them well, and from official records. Undercontrolled 3-year-olds grew up to be impulsive, unreliable, and antisocial, and had more conflict with members of their social networks and in their work. Inhibited 3-year-olds were more likely to be unassertive and depressed and had fewer sources of social support. Early appearing temperamental differences have a pervasive influence on life-course development and offer clues about personality structure, interpersonal relations, psychopathology, and crime in adulthood.
本文介绍了在达尼丁研究中发现的人格发展连续性，该研究对一组从3岁到21岁的儿童进行了调查。3岁时，根据对儿童行为的观察将他们分为不同的气质类型组。在青年期，数据收集自研究对象本人、熟悉他们的人以及官方记录。3岁时行为缺乏控制的儿童长大后变得冲动、不可靠且反社会，在社交网络和工作中与他人有更多冲突。3岁时表现出抑制性的儿童更有可能不自信和抑郁，且社会支持来源较少。早期出现的气质差异对人生历程发展有广泛影响，并为成年后的人格结构、人际关系、精神病理学和犯罪提供线索。
