Martín V, Caylà J A, Bolea A, Castilla J
Medical Service, Penitentiary Centre, León, Spain.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2000 Jan;4(1):41-6.
Intravenous drug users (IDUs) and prisoners are groups of great interest in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology.
To determine predictors and temporal trends of the co-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV in IDUs on admission to prison.
Between 1 January 1991 and 31 December 1997, 796 IDUs or former IDUs were studied. Socio-demographic and penitentiary variables were evaluated. HIV-positive patients with > or =5 mm induration on tuberculin test were deemed co-infected. Analysis of factors associated with co-infection was based on a logistic regression model.
Of the incoming prisoners, 44.0% were infected by M. tuberculosis, 43.8% by HIV and 20.1% were co-infected. Co-infection predictors were: 1) total prison time served previously (none, OR 1; <2 years, OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.28-4.64; > or =2 years, OR 4.94, 95% CI 2.56-9.55); 2) age (16-25 years, OR 1; 25-29 years, OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.71-5.75; >29 years, OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.96-6.86); 3) tattoos (OR 1.56, 95% CI 0.98-2.49), 4) syringe sharing (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.57-3.77) and 5) ex-IDU status (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.23-2.82). No statistically significant variation in the annual co-infection tendency was observed (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.98-1.22).
The high prevalence of co-infection that was detected was associated with risk factors that could be amended by public health intervention.
静脉注射吸毒者（IDU）和囚犯是人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染及结核病（TB）流行病学研究中备受关注的群体。
确定入狱时IDU中结核分枝杆菌与HIV合并感染的预测因素及时间趋势。
1991年1月1日至1997年12月31日期间，对796名IDU或曾为IDU者进行了研究。评估了社会人口统计学及监狱相关变量。结核菌素试验硬结直径≥5mm的HIV阳性患者被视为合并感染。基于逻辑回归模型分析与合并感染相关的因素。
入狱者中，44.0%感染结核分枝杆菌，43.8%感染HIV，20.1%合并感染。合并感染的预测因素为：1）既往服刑总时长（无，比值比[OR]为1；<2年，OR为2.44，95%置信区间[CI]为1.28 - 4.64；≥2年，OR为4.94，95%CI为2.56 - 9.55）；2）年龄（16 - 25岁，OR为1；25 - 29岁，OR为3.14，95%CI为1.71 - 5.75；>29岁，OR为3.67，95%CI为1.96 - 6.86）；3）纹身（OR为1.56，95%CI为0.98 - 2.49）；4）共用注射器（OR为2.43，95%CI为1.57 - 3.77）；5）曾为IDU状态（OR为1.87，95%CI为1.23 - 2.82）。未观察到年度合并感染趋势有统计学显著变化（OR为1.10，95%CI为0.98 - 1.22）。
所检测到的高合并感染率与可通过公共卫生干预加以改善的危险因素相关。
