Meyer J D, Holt D L, Cherry N M, McDonald J C
Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, UK.
Occup Med (Lond). 1999 Nov;49(8):485-9. doi: 10.1093/occmed/49.8.485.
The SWORD surveillance scheme, now 10 years old, uses systematic reporting from physicians to provide a picture of the incidence of occupational respiratory disease in the United Kingdom. An estimated total of 2966 incident cases was derived from reports by chest and occupational physicians during the 1998 calendar year. Occupational asthma continues to be the most-reported respiratory condition, with an estimated 822 cases (27% of total cases). The proportion of cases of mesothelioma (23%), benign pleural disease (21%) pneumoconiosis (7%) and inhalation injuries (6%) remain similar to those estimated in past years, although fewer cases overall were reported. The most commonly identified agents causing asthma in 1998 were enzymes, isocyanates, laboratory animals and insects, colophony and fluxes, flour, latex, and glutaraldehyde. An increased incidence of respiratory diseases of short latency was seen in mining, whilst cases in chemical, mineral products and motor vehicle manufacture remained high; lower rates were noted in wood products and textile manufacture when compared with 1997 figures. Inhalation accidents over the past 3 years were reviewed; gaseous agents and combustion products accounted for nearly half of cases. High rates for inhalation injuries were seen in coal miners, fuel production, motor vehicle manufacturing, water purification, and chemical manufacturing.
“剑”监测计划如今已有10年历史，它利用医生的系统报告来呈现英国职业性呼吸道疾病的发病情况。1998年全年，胸科医生和职业医生报告的病例估计共有2966例。职业性哮喘仍是报告最多的呼吸道疾病，估计有822例（占总病例数的27%）。间皮瘤（23%）、良性胸膜疾病（21%）、尘肺病（7%）和吸入性损伤（6%）的病例比例与过去几年估计的比例相似，尽管总体报告的病例较少。1998年最常引发哮喘的物质是酶、异氰酸酯、实验动物和昆虫、松香和助焊剂、面粉、乳胶和戊二醛。采矿业中潜伏期短的呼吸道疾病发病率有所上升，而化学、矿物产品和汽车制造业的病例数仍然居高不下；与1997年的数据相比，木制品和纺织制造业的发病率较低。对过去3年的吸入事故进行了审查；气体制剂和燃烧产物占病例的近一半。煤矿工人、燃料生产、汽车制造、水净化和化学制造行业的吸入性损伤发生率较高。
