López-Herce J, Sancho L, Martinón J M
Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Dr Castelo 49, E-28009 Madrid, Spain.
Intensive Care Med. 2000 Jan;26(1):62-8. doi: 10.1007/s001340050013.
To describe the organisation of paediatric intensive care units in Spain and the medical assistance provided during 1996.
A written questionnaire was sent to all the paediatric ICUs linked to or within the Spanish public health system.
Thirty-one of the 34 paediatric ICUs replied. All are medico-surgical units. Eighteen treat only paediatric patients, 12 paediatric and neonatal patients, and one paediatric and adult patients. Fifteen units have fewer than seven beds, eight have between 7 and 12 beds, and eight between 13 and 18 beds. Of the paediatric ICUs, 83.8 % are staffed by paediatricians specialised in paediatric intensive care. The mean number of on-call on site periods of duty for each member of the medical staff was 5.1 +/- 1.7 per month. Thirty of the 31 units undertake paediatric resident training, 13 train residents specialising in paediatric intensive care and 12 participate in medical student training. In 1996 there were 9,585 admissions (309 +/- 182 patients per ICU) signifying 35.3 +/- 14 patients/bed. Of the patients, 65.9 % were medical and 34.1 % surgical. The mean duration of stay was 5.6 +/- 2.1 days. The mortality rate was 5.4 +/- 3.2 %. The main causes of death were multiple organ failure and brain death.
In Spain, paediatric intensive care is principally performed by specialised paediatricians. Although the general results for 1996 are similar to those of other European countries, efficiency studies are necessary to plan and re-organise the paediatric intensive care units in Spain.
描述西班牙儿科重症监护病房的组织情况以及1996年期间提供的医疗救助。
向所有与西班牙公共卫生系统相关联或隶属于该系统的儿科重症监护病房发送了一份书面调查问卷。
34家儿科重症监护病房中有31家做出了回复。所有病房均为内科 - 外科联合病房。18家仅收治儿科患者，12家收治儿科和新生儿患者，1家收治儿科和成人患者。15个病房床位少于7张，8个病房有7至12张床位，8个病房有13至18张床位。在儿科重症监护病房中，83.8%的工作人员为专门从事儿科重症监护的儿科医生。医护人员每人每月平均现场值班待命时长为5.1±1.7次。31个病房中有30个承担儿科住院医师培训，13个培训儿科重症监护专科住院医师，12个参与医学生培训。1996年有9585例入院病例（每个重症监护病房平均309±182例患者），即每床位35.3±14例患者。患者中，65.9%为内科患者，34.1%为外科患者。平均住院时长为5.6±2.1天。死亡率为5.4±3.2%。主要死亡原因是多器官功能衰竭和脑死亡。
在西班牙，儿科重症监护主要由专科儿科医生进行。尽管1996年的总体结果与其他欧洲国家相似，但仍需要进行效率研究，以便对西班牙的儿科重症监护病房进行规划和重组。
