Abramson D H, Ellsworth R M, Zimmerman L E
Trans Sect Ophthalmol Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1976 May-Jun;81(3 Pt 1):454-7.
From a review of the records of 2,302 patients with retinoblastoma collated from CPMC and AFIP, it was found that retinoblastoma patients who survived their original eye cancer have a high incidence of second nonocular malignancies. The second neoplasms occur almost exclusively (97.5%) in patients who have had bilateral retinoblastoma, although retinoblastoma is much more commonly unilateral. The second neoplasms have appeared between 1 and 42 years after the successful treatment of retinoblastoma and have been fatal in approximately 85% of cases. Seventy-one percent of patients develop tumors in the field of the radiation beam; many of these were following treatment with low doses of radiation and after short latent periods. Nineteen percent of patients develop tumors clearly out of the field of radiation (eg, osteogenic sarcoma of the femur). Retinoblastoma patients appear to be unusually radio-sensitive to low doses of radiation and develop tumors in the field of radiation following treatment of 3,500 rads. They have a high incidence of nonocular tumors clearly distant from the radiation beam develop nonocular malignancies even if no radiation has been given. The incidence of multiple malignancies in patients successfully treated for retinoblastoma appears to be higher than for any other primary malignancy whether they receive radiation or not.
通过对加州太平洋医疗中心（CPMC）和武装部队病理研究所（AFIP）整理的2302例视网膜母细胞瘤患者的记录进行回顾发现，在原发性眼癌中存活下来的视网膜母细胞瘤患者发生非眼部第二恶性肿瘤的几率很高。第二种肿瘤几乎只（97.5%）发生在双侧视网膜母细胞瘤患者中，尽管视网膜母细胞瘤更常见的是单侧的。第二种肿瘤在视网膜母细胞瘤成功治疗后的1至42年间出现，约85%的病例是致命的。71%的患者在放射线束区域发生肿瘤；其中许多是在低剂量放射治疗后且潜伏期较短时出现的。19%的患者在明显超出放射区域的部位发生肿瘤（例如股骨骨肉瘤）。视网膜母细胞瘤患者似乎对低剂量放射异常敏感，在接受3500拉德放射治疗后在放射区域发生肿瘤。即使未接受放射治疗，他们发生明显远离放射线束的非眼部肿瘤的几率也很高。成功治疗视网膜母细胞瘤的患者发生多种恶性肿瘤的几率似乎高于任何其他原发性恶性肿瘤患者，无论他们是否接受放射治疗。
