Brown C H, Liao J
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Florida, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 1999 Oct;27(5):673-710. doi: 10.1023/A:1022142021441.
An emerging population-based paradigm is now being used to guide the design of preventive trials used to test developmental models. We discuss elements of the designs of several ongoing randomized preventive trials involving reduction of risk for children of divorce, for children who exhibit behavioral or learning problems, and for children whose parents are being treated for depression. To test developmental models using this paradigm, we introduce three classes of design issues: design for prerandomization, design for intervention, and design for postintervention. For each of these areas, we present quantitative results from power calculations. Both scientific and cost implications of these power calculations are discussed in terms of variation among subjects on preintervention measures, unit of intervention, assignment, balancing, number of pretest and posttest measures, and the examination of moderation effects.
一种基于人群的新兴范式正被用于指导旨在检验发展模型的预防性试验的设计。我们讨论了几项正在进行的随机预防性试验的设计要素，这些试验涉及降低父母离异儿童、表现出行为或学习问题的儿童以及父母正在接受抑郁症治疗的儿童的风险。为了使用这种范式检验发展模型，我们引入了三类设计问题：随机化前设计、干预设计和干预后设计。对于这些领域中的每一个，我们都给出了功效计算的定量结果。我们从干预前测量的受试者差异、干预单位、分配、平衡、预测试和后测试测量的数量以及调节效应的检验等方面讨论了这些功效计算的科学和成本影响。
