Corey L, Handsfield H H
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98109, USA.
JAMA. 2000 Feb 9;283(6):791-4. doi: 10.1001/jama.283.6.791.
Genital herpes can be caused by herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) or, less commonly, by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). With a seroprevalence of antibodies to HSV-2 of 22% in the general population, genital herpes is 1 of the 3 most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States. A central issue in the public health problem of genital herpes is the high proportion of genital HSV infections that are unrecognized by both patients and clinicians. Persons who are HSV-2 seropositive may be symptomatic but nevertheless fail to recognize genital herpes; they serve as reservoirs for transmission. Physicians and patients must be aware of the subclinical presentation of genital herpes and the potential these patients have for transmitting HSV. Serious consequences of HSV infection include neonatal herpes and increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission. Recommendations to physicians for prevention include using type-specific tests for HSV when screening for other STDs and testing for HSV when evaluating patients with genital ulcers. Researchers must evaluate the performance of type-specific tests and strategies to prevent transmission.
生殖器疱疹可由单纯疱疹病毒2型（HSV - 2）引起，较不常见的情况下也可由单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV - 1）引起。在普通人群中，HSV - 2抗体血清阳性率为22%，生殖器疱疹是美国最常见的3种性传播疾病之一。生殖器疱疹公共卫生问题的一个核心问题是，患者和临床医生都未识别出的生殖器HSV感染比例很高。HSV - 2血清阳性的人可能有症状，但仍未意识到自己患有生殖器疱疹；他们是病毒传播的宿主。医生和患者必须意识到生殖器疱疹的亚临床症状以及这些患者传播HSV的可能性。HSV感染的严重后果包括新生儿疱疹和人类免疫缺陷病毒传播风险增加。给医生的预防建议包括在筛查其他性传播疾病时使用HSV型特异性检测，以及在评估生殖器溃疡患者时检测HSV。研究人员必须评估型特异性检测的性能和预防传播的策略。
