Pabst R C, Starr K P, Qaiyumi S, Schwalbe R S, Gewolb I H
Department of Nursing, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, USA.
J Perinatol. 1999 Jun;19(4):278-83. doi: 10.1038/sj.jp.7200157.
To determine the effects of repeated application of an occlusive ointment on the skin of very low birth weight infants.
Nineteen neonates of 26 to 30 weeks gestational age were randomly assigned to receive topical Aquaphor ointment twice daily for 2 weeks or to receive standard skin care. Skin quality, fluid requirements, and skin bacterial colonization counts were assessed.
Infants treated with Aquaphor had significantly improved skin condition scores versus controls (p = 0.002). Aquaphor improved skin scores over time (p = 0.012) in treated infants, whereas skin scores of untreated infants worsened before eventually healing. There were no significant differences in total fluid requirements, urine output, serum sodium concentrations, skin bacterial counts, fungal counts, or colonization patterns between treated and control infants in either gestational age cohort.
Aquaphor ointment, used during the first two postnatal weeks, improved skin condition in infants of 26 to 30 weeks' gestation without changing skin bacterial flora. We speculate that improved skin condition may limit transepidermal water loss and decrease portals of entry for pathogens, thereby potentially decreasing fluid and electrolyte imbalances and sepsis in very low birth weight infants.
确定反复涂抹封闭性软膏对极低出生体重儿皮肤的影响。
将19例孕龄26至30周的新生儿随机分为两组，一组每天两次外用凡士林软膏，共2周；另一组接受标准皮肤护理。评估皮肤质量、液体需求量和皮肤细菌定植数量。
与对照组相比，使用凡士林软膏治疗的婴儿皮肤状况评分显著改善（p = 0.002）。随着时间推移，使用凡士林软膏治疗的婴儿皮肤评分有所提高（p = 0.012），而未治疗婴儿的皮肤评分在最终愈合前恶化。在两个孕龄组中，治疗组和对照组婴儿在总液体需求量、尿量、血清钠浓度、皮肤细菌数量、真菌数量或定植模式方面均无显著差异。
在出生后的前两周使用凡士林软膏可改善孕龄26至30周婴儿的皮肤状况，且不改变皮肤细菌菌群。我们推测，改善的皮肤状况可能会限制经皮水分流失，减少病原体的侵入途径，从而有可能减少极低出生体重儿的液体和电解质失衡以及败血症的发生。
