Falkenstein M, Hoormann J, Christ S, Hohnsbein J
Institut für Arbeitsphysiologie an der Universität Dortmund (IfADo), Abt. für Sinnes- und Neurophysiologie, Ardeystr. 67, D-44139, Dortmund, Germany.
Biol Psychol. 2000 Jan;51(2-3):87-107. doi: 10.1016/s0301-0511(99)00031-9.
Some years ago we described a negative (Ne) and a later positive (Pe) deflection in the event-related brain potentials (ERPs) of incorrect choice reactions [Falkenstein, M., Hohnsbein, J., Hoormann, J., Blanke, L., 1990. In: Brunia, C.H.M., Gaillard, A.W.K., Kok, A. (Eds.), Psychophysiological Brain Research. Tilburg Univesity Press, Tilburg, pp. 192-195. Falkenstein, M., Hohnsbein, J., Hoormann, J., 1991. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 78, 447-455]. Originally we assumed the Ne to represent a correlate of error detection in the sense of a mismatch signal when representations of the actual response and the required response are compared. This hypothesis was supported by the results of a variety of experiments from our own laboratory and that of Coles [Gehring, W. J., Goss, B., Coles, M.G.H., Meyer, D.E., Donchin, E., 1993. Psychological Science 4, 385-390. Bernstein, P.S., Scheffers, M.K., Coles, M.G.H., 1995. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 21, 1312-1322. Scheffers, M.K., Coles, M. G.H., Bernstein, P., Gehring, W.J., Donchin, E., 1996. Psychophysiology 33, 42-54]. However, new data from our laboratory and that of Vidal et al. [Vidal, F., Hasbroucq, T., Bonnet, M., 1999. Biological Psychology, 2000] revealed a small negativity similar to the Ne also after correct responses. Since the above mentioned comparison process is also required after correct responses it is conceivable that the Ne reflects this comparison process itself rather than its outcome. As to the Pe, our results suggest that this is a further error-specific component, which is independent of the Ne, and hence associated with a later aspect of error processing or post-error processing. Our new results with different age groups argue against the hypotheses that the Pe reflects conscious error processing or the post-error adjustment of response strategies. Further research is necessary to specify the functional significance of the Pe.
几年前，我们描述了错误选择反应的事件相关脑电位（ERP）中出现的一个负向波（Ne）和随后的一个正向波（Pe）[法尔肯施泰因，M.，霍恩斯贝恩，J.，胡尔曼，J.，布兰克，L.，1990年。载于：布鲁尼亚，C.H.M.，盖拉德，A.W.K.，科克，A.（编），《心理生理学脑研究》。蒂尔堡大学出版社，蒂尔堡，第192 - 195页。法尔肯施泰因，M.，霍恩斯贝恩，J.，胡尔曼，J.，1991年。《脑电图学与临床神经生理学》，78卷，第447 - 455页]。最初，我们认为Ne代表在比较实际反应和所需反应的表征时，作为失配信号意义上的错误检测相关物。我们自己实验室以及科尔斯实验室的各种实验结果支持了这一假设[盖林，W.J.，戈斯，B.，科尔斯，M.G.H.，迈耶，D.E.，唐钦，E.，1993年。《心理科学》4卷，第385 - 390页。伯恩斯坦，P.S.，谢弗斯，M.K.，科尔斯，M.G.H.，1995年。《实验心理学杂志：人类知觉与表现》21卷，第1312 - 1322页。谢弗斯，M.K.，科尔斯，M.G.H.，伯恩斯坦，P.，盖林，W.J.，唐钦，E.，1996年。《心理生理学》33卷，第42 - 54页]。然而，我们实验室以及维达尔等人实验室[维达尔，F.，哈斯布鲁克，T.，博内，M.，1999年。《生物心理学》，2000年]的新数据显示，正确反应后也会出现一个与Ne类似的小负向波。由于正确反应后也需要上述比较过程，所以可以设想Ne反映的是这个比较过程本身，而不是其结果。至于Pe，我们的结果表明这是一个进一步的错误特异性成分，它独立于Ne，因此与错误处理或错误后处理的后期方面相关。我们针对不同年龄组的新结果反驳了Pe反映有意识的错误处理或反应策略的错误后调整的假设。需要进一步研究来明确Pe的功能意义。
