Eyles J D
McMaster Institute of Environment and Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON.
Can J Public Health. 1999 Nov-Dec;90 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S31-4. doi: 10.1007/BF03403576.
Place is more than physical and natural environment. The role of biophysical environment has still to be articulated in population health discourse and its relations with human health are fraught with scientific uncertainty and dissension. An environmental impact assessment (EA) evaluates the environmental effects of a proposal--a rational and technical process. Sometimes health assessments are included, usually by quantitative risk assessments which are subject to the limits of scientific knowledge and bedevilled by data limitations. The goal must be to add health to the process, yet the relevant features to include are complex. Impacts are non-specific and they interact and have spatial and temporal characteristics. To integrate environment into population health, there is a need for a physical environment-health database and inter-sectorial policy and action. There is also a need for different types of indicators to measure process, impact and effectiveness, and for new tools (stories, photography) to account for context and values.
场所不仅仅是物理和自然环境。生物物理环境在人口健康论述中的作用仍有待阐明，其与人类健康的关系充满了科学上的不确定性和分歧。环境影响评估（EA）评估一项提议对环境的影响——这是一个理性的技术过程。有时会纳入健康评估，通常是通过定量风险评估，但这种评估受到科学知识的限制且因数据限制而受阻。目标必须是将健康纳入这个过程，但要纳入的相关特征很复杂。影响是非特异性的，它们相互作用且具有空间和时间特征。为了将环境纳入人口健康，需要一个物理环境 - 健康数据库以及跨部门政策和行动。还需要不同类型的指标来衡量过程、影响和有效性，以及需要新的工具（故事、摄影）来解释背景和价值观。
