Huang Y F, Shi X W, Zhang Y P
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
Biochem Genet. 1999 Dec;37(11-12):335-43. doi: 10.1023/a:1018763311574.
The mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) from 30 pig breeds (29 Chinese native breeds and 1 European breed) and wild boars were investigated for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) to determine the phylogenetic relationships and genetic diversity among pig breeds and wild boars. Of the 24 enzymes used, 8 (AvaI, BclI, BglII, EcoRI, EcoRV, ScaI, StuI, and XbaI) detected polymorphisms. By combining the cleavage patterns for each enzyme, 108 individuals were sorted into eight mtDNA mitotypes. There are two haplotype lineages in domestic pigs, i.e., Chinese and European lineages. The pairwise nucleotide sequence divergence was calculated to be 0.56% between Chinese pigs and European pigs, suggesting that they might have diverged from a common ancestor approximately 280,000 years ago. The wild boars showed more extensive genetic variation, four mitotypes were detected in six wild boars. In addition, one of the Zhejiang wild boars was found to share the same mitotype with Chinese native pigs. A UPGMA tree based on genetic distance among mitotypes indicated that mtDNAs of Chinese pigs and European pigs are clearly divided into two clusters, and Chinese wild boars are more closely related to the Chinese pigs. Our results provide molecular evidence to support the previous hypothesis that pigs may be derived from two maternal origins, Asian and European wild boars. Chinese native pig breeds may have a single origin.
对30个猪品种（29个中国本土品种和1个欧洲品种）以及野猪的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）进行了限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）研究，以确定猪品种和野猪之间的系统发育关系和遗传多样性。在使用的24种酶中，有8种（AvaI、BclI、BglII、EcoRI、EcoRV、ScaI、StuI和XbaI）检测到了多态性。通过组合每种酶的切割模式，将108个个体分为8种mtDNA单倍型。家猪中有两个单倍型谱系，即中国谱系和欧洲谱系。计算得出中国猪和欧洲猪之间的成对核苷酸序列差异为0.56%，这表明它们可能在大约28万年前从一个共同祖先分化而来。野猪表现出更广泛的遗传变异，在6头野猪中检测到4种单倍型。此外，发现一头浙江野猪与中国本土猪具有相同的单倍型。基于单倍型之间遗传距离构建的UPGMA树表明，中国猪和欧洲猪的mtDNA明显分为两个簇，中国野猪与中国猪关系更密切。我们的结果提供了分子证据，支持先前的假设，即猪可能起源于两个母系来源，亚洲野猪和欧洲野猪。中国本土猪品种可能有单一起源。
