Pan X L, Izumi T
Department of Pediatrics, Oita Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
Early Hum Dev. 2000 Jan;57(1):25-31. doi: 10.1016/s0378-3782(99)00051-1.
The ganglioside compositions of human milk, cow's milk and infant formulas were compared. The results showed that there was a drastic change in the ganglioside composition from the colostrum to later human milk, and that both the patterns and contents of gangliosides in human milk, cow's milk and infant formulas differed markedly. In human milk, the total lipid-bound sialic acid level was two times higher than those in cow's milk and infant formulas. The major ganglioside in the later human milk, GM3 (27.7%), was only a minor component in the colostrum, cow's milk and infant formulas (3.3, 2.8 and 0.4-2.6%, respectively). GD3 represented 49.0, 61.0 and 72.4-86.6%, respectively, of the colostrum, cow's milk and infant formulas, compared to 31.8% of the later human milk gangliosides. Another four gangliosides, which were assumed to be c-series gangliosides, were detected in the colostrum and the later human milk. They represented 33-38% of total lipid-bound sialic acid, and were tentatively designated as GX1, GX2, GX3 and GX4, respectively. However, only GX1 and GX2 were observed in cow's milk and infant formulas. The variation of the gangliosides in human and cow's milk, and infant formulas might have some biological significance regarding neonatal brain development, allergies, infant growth and non-immunoglobulin prophylactic activities against some bacterial toxins.
对人乳、牛乳和婴儿配方奶粉的神经节苷脂组成进行了比较。结果表明，从初乳到后期人乳，神经节苷脂组成发生了剧烈变化，人乳、牛乳和婴儿配方奶粉中神经节苷脂的模式和含量均存在显著差异。人乳中总脂质结合唾液酸水平比牛乳和婴儿配方奶粉中的高出两倍。后期人乳中的主要神经节苷脂GM3（27.7%）在初乳、牛乳和婴儿配方奶粉中只是次要成分（分别为3.3%、2.8%和0.4 - 2.6%）。相比之下，后期人乳神经节苷脂中GD3占31.8%，而在初乳、牛乳和婴儿配方奶粉中分别占49.0%、61.0%和72.4 - 86.6%。在初乳和后期人乳中还检测到另外四种神经节苷脂，推测为c系列神经节苷脂。它们占总脂质结合唾液酸的33 - 38%，暂分别命名为GX1、GX2、GX3和GX4。然而，在牛乳和婴儿配方奶粉中仅观察到GX1和GX2。人乳、牛乳和婴儿配方奶粉中神经节苷脂的变化可能在新生儿脑发育、过敏、婴儿生长以及对某些细菌毒素的非免疫球蛋白预防活性方面具有一定的生物学意义。
