Patrick C J
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306-1051, USA.
Psychophysiology. 1994 Jul;31(4):319-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1994.tb02440.x.
Abnormal affective response in psychopaths is conceptualized within a broad theory of emotion that emphasizes reciprocal appetitive and defensive motivational systems. The startle response is proposed as a specific measure of the directional component of emotional activation. I review the literature that indicates that criminal psychopaths do not show the expected potentiation of the startle reflex that normally occurs during processing of aversive stimuli such as unpleasant photographs or punishment cues. Evidence is presented to demonstrate that this deviant response pattern is specific to individuals who display the classic affective symptoms of psychopathy. The core emotional deviation in psychopathy could be a deficit in fear response, which is defined as a failure of aversive cues to prime normal defensive actions. This emotional deficit may represent an extreme variant of normal temperament.
精神病患者的异常情感反应是在一个广泛的情绪理论中被概念化的，该理论强调相互的食欲和防御动机系统。惊跳反应被提议作为情绪激活定向成分的一种具体测量方法。我回顾了相关文献，这些文献表明，犯罪型精神病患者在处理厌恶刺激（如不愉快的照片或惩罚线索）时，并未表现出正常情况下预期的惊跳反射增强。有证据表明，这种异常的反应模式特定于那些表现出精神病典型情感症状的个体。精神病的核心情感偏差可能是恐惧反应的缺陷，即厌恶线索无法引发正常的防御行为。这种情感缺陷可能代表了正常气质的一种极端变体。
