Nicholls P K, Stanley M A
Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2000 Feb 25;73(2):101-27. doi: 10.1016/s0165-2427(99)00165-8.
Papillomaviruses are species- and tissue-specific double-stranded DNA viruses. These viruses cause epithelial tumours in many animals, including man. Typically, the benign warts undergo spontaneous, immune-mediated regression, most likely effected by T-cells (especially CD4, but also CD8 subsets), whereas humoral immunity can prevent new infections. Some papillomavirus infections fail to regress spontaneously and others progress to malignant epithelial tumours. Additionally, the impact of these lesions is greater in immunosuppressed individuals. Many therapies are ineffective, and there is much interest in the potential for immunological intervention in papillomavirus infections of man and animals. Vaccination can be achieved with 'live' virus, formalin-inactivated virus, synthetic virus-like particles, and DNA vaccination. There has been much recent progress in the development of such vaccines for papillomavirus infections in the rabbit, ox and dog. Success in these animal models suggests that similar approaches may prove useful for prophylactic or therapeutic vaccination against the important human papillomaviruses involved in the development of cutaneous and anogenital warts, laryngeal papillomatosis, and cervical cancer.
乳头瘤病毒是具有种属和组织特异性的双链DNA病毒。这些病毒可在包括人类在内的许多动物中引发上皮肿瘤。通常情况下，良性疣会经历自发的、免疫介导的消退过程，这很可能是由T细胞（尤其是CD4，但也包括CD8亚群）介导的，而体液免疫可以预防新的感染。一些乳头瘤病毒感染无法自发消退，还有一些会发展为恶性上皮肿瘤。此外，在免疫抑制个体中，这些病变的影响更大。许多治疗方法无效，因此人们对免疫干预人类和动物乳头瘤病毒感染的潜力非常感兴趣。可以用“活”病毒、福尔马林灭活病毒、合成病毒样颗粒和DNA疫苗进行接种。最近，针对兔、牛和犬乳头瘤病毒感染的此类疫苗研发取得了很大进展。这些动物模型的成功表明，类似方法可能对预防或治疗与皮肤和肛门生殖器疣、喉乳头瘤病及宫颈癌相关的重要人类乳头瘤病毒疫苗接种有用。
