Ripley B D, Lissemore L I, Leishman P D, Denommé M A, Ritter L
University of Guelph, Laboratory Services Division, ON, Canada.
J AOAC Int. 2000 Jan-Feb;83(1):196-213.
For the 5-year period 1991 to 1995, 1536 vegetable and 802 fruit samples were analyzed. The purpose of this study was to determine if pesticides were present on Ontario-produced fruits and vegetables, and if so, to determine if residues violated maximum residue limits (MRLs). Overall, 31.5% of the samples had no detectable pesticide residues, whereas 68.5% contained one or more residues. Most of the residues were present at very low concentrations; 48% of the detections were < 0.1 parts per million (ppm), and 86% were < 1 ppm. However, violations of MRL were observed in only 3.2% of the vegetables samples and 3.1% of the fruit samples. In addition, 4.8% of the samples contained a "technical" violation, that is, there was no specified MRL for the pesticide-commodity combination and the residues exceeded 0.1 ppm. Of the detectable residues, 63% were < 10% of the MRL, whereas 89% were < 50% of the MRL. More fruit samples (91.4%) had a detectable residue, compared with vegetable samples (56.6%). Fruit is often treated close to harvest or post harvest to ensure that wholesome produce reaches the consumer. Forty-six percent of the samples contained 2 or more residues, and 2% of all samples had more than 5 different pesticides detected; fruit samples tended to have more multiple residues. The most frequently found pesticides were captan, the dithiocarbamate fungicides, endosulfan, azinphos-methyl, phosmet, parathion, and iprodione. These pesticides were also used in the greatest quantity for crop production. Overall, the data agree fairly closely with those reported for the U.S. Department of Agriculture Pesticide Data Program because the 2 programs have similar analytical goals and objectives.
在1991年至1995年的5年期间，共分析了1536份蔬菜样本和802份水果样本。本研究的目的是确定安大略省生产的水果和蔬菜上是否存在农药，若存在，则确定其残留量是否超过最大残留限量（MRLs）。总体而言，31.5%的样本未检测到农药残留，而68.5%的样本含有一种或多种残留。大多数残留的浓度非常低；48%的检测结果低于百万分之一（ppm），86%低于1 ppm。然而，仅在3.2%的蔬菜样本和3.1%的水果样本中观察到违反MRL的情况。此外，4.8%的样本存在“技术性”违规，即农药 - 商品组合没有规定的MRL，且残留量超过0.1 ppm。在可检测到的残留中，63%低于MRL的10%，而89%低于MRL的50%。与蔬菜样本（56.6%）相比，更多的水果样本（91.4%）有可检测到的残留。水果常在收获时或收获后进行处理，以确保健康的农产品供应给消费者。46%的样本含有两种或更多种残留，所有样本中有2%检测到超过5种不同的农药；水果样本往往有更多的多种残留。最常发现的农药是克菌丹、二硫代氨基甲酸盐类杀菌剂、硫丹、谷硫磷、亚胺硫磷、对硫磷和异菌脲。这些农药在作物生产中的使用量也最大。总体而言，这些数据与美国农业部农药数据计划报告的数据相当接近，因为这两个计划有相似的分析目标。
