Mutengwe M T, Chidamba L, Korsten L
Department of Plant Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Well-Being, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa.
J Food Prot. 2016 Oct;79(10):1759-1766. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-16-022.
Six years of pesticide residue data from fresh produce destined for the export market were analyzed for the period 2009 to 2014. A total of 37,838 fruit (99.27%) and vegetable (0.73%) data sets analyzed for the presence of 73 pesticides were compared. Pesticides were detected on 56.46% of samples, of which 0.78% had multiple residues. Noncompliances detected were because of the use of unregistered pesticides (0.73%), values that exceeded established maximum residue levels (MRLs) (0.32%), or the combination of values that exceeded MRLs and the use of unregistered pesticide residues (0.003%). The most commonly detected pesticides that exceeded established MRLs were imazalil (37.71%), prochloraz (28.69%), and iprodione (5.74%). The unregistered pesticide most often found on grapes and avocados was also imazalil (62.23%) and, on nectarines and avocados, diphenylamine (11.15%). Exceedances of MRL values were mostly associated with oranges (43.44%), avocados (27.87%), grapefruits (7.38%), and lemons (6.56%). Residual pesticide monitoring on fruits and vegetables is a key tool to ensure conformity with regulatory requirements and compliance with good agricultural practices and the trade requirements set by the importing country.
对2009年至2014年期间出口市场新鲜农产品的六年农药残留数据进行了分析。共比较了37838个水果（99.27%）和蔬菜（0.73%）数据集，以检测73种农药的存在情况。56.46%的样本检测出农药，其中0.78%含有多种残留。检测到的违规情况是由于使用了未注册农药（0.73%）、超过既定最大残留限量（MRLs）的值（0.32%），或超过MRLs的值与使用未注册农药残留的组合（0.003%）。超过既定MRLs最常检测到的农药是抑霉唑（37.71%）、咪鲜胺（28.69%）和异菌脲（5.74%）。葡萄和鳄梨上最常发现的未注册农药也是抑霉唑（62.23%），油桃和鳄梨上是二苯胺（11.15%）。MRL值超标主要与橙子（43.44%）、鳄梨（27.87%）、葡萄柚（7.38%）和柠檬（6.56%）有关。对水果和蔬菜进行残留农药监测是确保符合监管要求以及遵守良好农业规范和进口国设定的贸易要求的关键工具。
