Templeman C, Hertweck S P
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2000 Mar;27(1):19-34. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8545(00)80004-2.
Despite the wide range of breast abnormalities that affect patients in the pediatric and adolescent populations, some conclusions can be drawn. Breast self-examination in the adolescent population is controversial but is recommended for girls who carry the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene beginning at age 18 to 21 years. All girls with a disorder of breast size or symmetry should be given the opportunity of consultation with a plastic surgeon to discuss reconstructive options. Ultrasound is the most appropriate initial investigation in any adolescent patient with a breast mass owing to the dense nature of breast tissue in this age group. Although it is extremely rare in this population, breast cancer must always be included in the differential diagnosis of a breast mass, particularly in the patient with a prior history of childhood malignancy or chest irradiation.
尽管影响儿童和青少年人群的乳房异常情况多种多样，但仍可得出一些结论。青少年人群的乳房自我检查存在争议，但建议携带BRCA1或BRCA2基因的女孩从18至21岁开始进行。所有乳房大小或对称性异常的女孩都应有机会咨询整形外科医生，讨论重建方案。由于该年龄组乳房组织致密，超声是任何有乳房肿块的青少年患者最适宜的初始检查方法。尽管在该人群中极为罕见，但在乳房肿块的鉴别诊断中必须始终考虑乳腺癌，尤其是有儿童期恶性肿瘤或胸部放疗史的患者。
