Simmons P S
Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1992 Mar;19(1):91-102.
A review of the medical literature on breast disorders in children and adolescents leads to a number of conclusions. Though females may develop breast masses early in life, the risk of malignancy is extremely low. Therefore, most breast masses in the young can be managed conservatively without surgery. Breast masses in young girls may represent thelarche or tumors of adjacent structures, but are unlikely to be malignant. The most common form of bilateral breast enlargement in prepubertal girls is premature thelarche, a benign, transient, and incomplete form of precocious puberty. Fibroadenoma is the most common cause of breast mass in female adolescents. In the rare case in which a breast mass in this population is malignant, it is more likely to be a noncarcinomatous or metastatic cancer. Because of the low risk of malignancy and the relatively different composition of the adolescent as compared to the adult breast, mammography is not recommended for routine screening or routine imaging of breast masses in adolescents. The role of breast self-examination should be further studied.
对关于儿童和青少年乳腺疾病的医学文献进行回顾可得出一些结论。尽管女性可能在生命早期就出现乳腺肿块，但恶性肿瘤的风险极低。因此，大多数年轻患者的乳腺肿块可采用保守治疗而非手术治疗。年轻女孩的乳腺肿块可能代表乳房发育或邻近结构的肿瘤，但不太可能是恶性的。青春期前女孩双侧乳房增大最常见的形式是早熟性乳房发育，这是一种良性、短暂且不完全的性早熟形式。纤维腺瘤是女性青少年乳腺肿块最常见的原因。在该人群中乳腺肿块为恶性的罕见情况下，更可能是一种非癌性或转移性癌症。由于恶性风险低，且与成人乳腺相比青少年乳腺的组成相对不同，不建议对青少年进行乳腺钼靶常规筛查或乳腺肿块常规成像。乳腺自我检查的作用应进一步研究。
