Stål M, Hansson G A, Moritz U
Department of Agricultural Biosystems and Technology, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp.
Appl Ergon. 1999 Dec;30(6):527-33. doi: 10.1016/s0003-6870(99)00015-0.
High prevalence of hand and wrist symptoms has been found in females working with machine milking. Therefore the aim of this study was to quantify the positions and movements of the wrist during machine milking, and to compare tethering and loose-housing systems with respect to this. Biaxial electrogoniometers and data loggers were used for recording flexion and deviation angles of both the right and left wrists in 11 healthy milkers. For each individual 25 min of representative work was recorded in each system. High values of dorsiflexion and radial deviation were found, which might induce an increased risk of carpal tunnel syndrome. Moreover, the velocity and repetitiveness were close to those values described in repetitive work with a high risk of elbow and hand disorders in the fish-processing industry and giro-form data entry work. According to our findings, the load on the upper extremities has increased with respect to dorsiflexed hand position and repetitiveness when milking in the modern loose-housing milking system. This is probably due to the change of the working position and/or the higher productivity (number of cows that milked per time unit) in the loose-housing system as compared to the old-fashioned tethering system. These negative effects on wrist positions and movements should be considered when building new milking systems.
在从事机器挤奶工作的女性中，手部和腕部症状的患病率较高。因此，本研究的目的是量化机器挤奶过程中手腕的位置和动作，并就此比较拴系式和散栏式牛舍系统。使用双轴电子测角仪和数据记录器记录11名健康挤奶工左右手腕的屈伸和偏斜角度。在每个系统中，为每个个体记录25分钟的代表性工作。发现背屈和桡侧偏斜值较高，这可能会增加腕管综合征的风险。此外，速度和重复性接近鱼类加工业和 giro 格式数据录入工作中具有肘部和手部疾病高风险的重复性工作中描述的那些值。根据我们的研究结果，在现代散栏式挤奶系统中挤奶时，上肢的负荷相对于背屈手部位置和重复性有所增加。这可能是由于与老式拴系系统相比，散栏式系统中工作位置的变化和/或更高的生产率（每单位时间挤奶的奶牛数量）。在建造新的挤奶系统时，应考虑这些对手腕位置和动作的负面影响。
