Mennen L I, Mbanya J C, Cade J, Balkau B, Sharma S, Chungong S, Cruickshank J K
INSERM, Unit 258, Villejuif, France.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000 Feb;54(2):150-4. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600909.
To evaluate the habitual diet of a rural and urban population in Cameroon, Central Africa.
An urban area-Cité Verte Housing District, Yaoundé (1058 subjects); and a rural area-three villages in Evodoula, Cameroon (746 subjects).
Cameroonian men and women of African origin (1058 urban, and 746 rural), aged 24-74 y.
The habitual diet was estimated with an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire.
Macro- and micronutrient intake.
The intake of energy, fat and alcohol was higher in rural men and women than in urban subjects. In rural women, the intake of carbohydrates and protein was also higher. The intakes of fibre, iron, carotene, zinc, potassium, and of the vitamins C, D and E were all higher in rural men and women than in their urban counterparts. The intake of retinol was lower in rural subjects than in urban subjects. Eight of the 10 foods eaten in the highest amount and contributing most to energy intake differed between the rural and urban population.
The habitual diet in rural Cameroon contains more fat and alcohol than the diet in urban Cameroon. The high physical activity in the rural area may explain the lower levels of the cardiovascular risk factors in this area compared to those of the urban dwellers.
This work was supported by a grant from the European Union (contract no. TS3*CT92-0142) and by the Conseil Régional d'Ile de France and INSERM. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2000) 54, 150-154
评估中非喀麦隆农村和城市人口的日常饮食。
城市地区——雅温得市绿城市住宅区（1058名受试者）；农村地区——喀麦隆埃沃杜拉的三个村庄（746名受试者）。
24至74岁的非洲裔喀麦隆男性和女性（城市1058名，农村746名）。
采用访谈式食物频率问卷评估日常饮食。
宏量营养素和微量营养素摄入量。
农村男性和女性的能量、脂肪及酒精摄入量高于城市受试者。农村女性的碳水化合物和蛋白质摄入量也更高。农村男性和女性的纤维、铁、胡萝卜素、锌、钾以及维生素C、D和E的摄入量均高于城市居民。农村受试者的视黄醇摄入量低于城市受试者。农村和城市人口中，摄入量最高且对能量摄入贡献最大的10种食物中有8种不同。
喀麦隆农村的日常饮食比城市饮食含有更多的脂肪和酒精。农村地区较高的体力活动水平可能解释了该地区与城市居民相比心血管危险因素水平较低的原因。
本研究得到欧盟资助（合同编号TS3*CT92 - 0142）以及法国法兰西岛大区议会和法国国家健康与医学研究院的支持。《欧洲临床营养学杂志》（2000年）54卷，第150 - 154页
