Osler M, Heitmann B L
Department of Social Medicine and Psycosocial Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jun;51(6):354-61. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600412.
To examine associations between food consumption patterns, measured by a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and the intakes of fat, carbohydrates and fibre over time, and in relation to recommended guidelines.
The same 329 individuals had their diet intake measured by a short FFQ and a thorough diet history interview, first in 1987/88, and again six years later in 1993/94.
The County of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Three hundred and twenty-nine men and women, aged 35-65 y selected randomly from a large population sample.
At both examinations fat energy displayed the strongest positive associations with the intake of animal fats and negative correlations with the vegetables. These food items explained most of the total explained variation in fat intake. In general the associations between food items and intakes of carbohydrates and fibre were similar but inverse, to those found for fat. During the study period median fat energy decreased from 41-38%. A less frequent intake of animal fats over time predicted an increase in fat energy both among men and women, while a more frequent intake of fruit and pasta, and a less frequent intake of cakes was associated with an increase in dietary fibre.
Food items like animal fats, vegetables and certain high starch foods can predict compliance to dietary guidelines for fat and carbohydrates. The study also shows that the food pattern of this Danish cohort has changed in the direction of a more healthy diet during the six years of follow-up.
This study was granted by the Danish Agricultural and Veterinary and Danish Medical Councils and the Danish Health Insurance foundation.
通过一份简短食物频率问卷（FFQ）来检测食物消费模式与脂肪、碳水化合物和纤维摄入量随时间的关联，并与推荐指南进行比较。
对329名相同个体进行研究，于1987/88年首次通过简短FFQ和详细饮食史访谈测量其饮食摄入量，六年后即1993/94年再次测量。
丹麦哥本哈根郡。
从大量人群样本中随机选取的329名年龄在35 - 65岁的男性和女性。
在两次检查中，脂肪能量与动物脂肪摄入量呈现最强的正相关，与蔬菜摄入量呈现负相关。这些食物项目解释了脂肪摄入量总变异中的大部分。总体而言，食物项目与碳水化合物和纤维摄入量之间的关联与脂肪的情况相似但相反。在研究期间，脂肪能量中位数从41%降至38%。随着时间推移，动物脂肪摄入频率降低预示着男性和女性的脂肪能量都会增加，而水果和面食摄入频率增加以及蛋糕摄入频率降低与膳食纤维增加有关。
动物脂肪、蔬菜和某些高淀粉食物等食物项目可以预测对脂肪和碳水化合物饮食指南的遵循情况。该研究还表明，在六年的随访期间，这个丹麦队列的食物模式已朝着更健康的饮食方向转变。
本研究由丹麦农业与兽医委员会、丹麦医学委员会以及丹麦健康保险基金会资助。
