Lwambo N J, Siza J E, Brooker S, Bundy D A, Guyatt H
National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Tanzania.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1999 Sep-Oct;93(5):497-502. doi: 10.1016/s0035-9203(99)90349-8.
A cross-sectional study of 6897 schoolchildren in 59 out of the 155 primary schools in Magu District on the shores of Lake Victoria, Tanzania, was undertaken in 1997 to determine the prevalence of single- and multiple-species helminth infection. Schistosoma haematobium, hookworm (primarily Necator americanus) and S. mansoni were the most common helminth species infecting schoolchildren in the district. The prevalences of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura were negligible (< 1%). Anaemia and stunting were highly prevalent and widespread. Hookworm and S. mansoni occurred more frequently in multiple infections with other helminths than as single-species infections, but triple-species infection was rare. Analysis of the frequency distribution of infection amongst schools showed that prevalences of S. haematobium and hookworm tended to be normally distributed, with medians 75% and 45%, respectively, while the distribution of S. mansoni was markedly skewed such that only 17% schools had a prevalence greater than 20%. An inverse association between S. mansoni and S. haematobium was observed. Geographical information system (GIS) analysis indicated that S. mansoni infection was highly prevalent only along the shore of Lake Victoria, whilst S. haematobium was homogeneously prevalent everywhere except the lakeshore. This pattern appears to reflect the distribution of schistosome species-specific snail intermediate hosts. The results imply that joint treatment for hookworm infection and schistosomiasis would be beneficial throughout the district.
1997年，在坦桑尼亚维多利亚湖沿岸马古区155所小学中的59所学校开展了一项针对6897名学童的横断面研究，以确定单物种和多物种蠕虫感染的流行情况。埃及血吸虫、钩虫（主要是美洲板口线虫）和曼氏血吸虫是该地区感染学童最常见的蠕虫种类。蛔虫和鞭虫的感染率可忽略不计（<1%）。贫血和发育迟缓非常普遍且广泛存在。与单一物种感染相比，钩虫和曼氏血吸虫在与其他蠕虫的多重感染中更为常见，但三重物种感染很少见。对学校间感染频率分布的分析表明，埃及血吸虫和钩虫的感染率呈正态分布，中位数分别为75%和45%，而曼氏血吸虫的分布明显偏态，只有17%的学校感染率超过20%。观察到曼氏血吸虫和埃及血吸虫之间存在负相关。地理信息系统（GIS）分析表明，曼氏血吸虫感染仅在维多利亚湖沿岸高度流行，而埃及血吸虫在除湖岸以外的所有地方均普遍流行。这种模式似乎反映了血吸虫物种特异性钉螺中间宿主的分布情况。结果表明，在整个地区联合治疗钩虫感染和血吸虫病将有益。
