Johnson W E, Slattery J P, Eizirik E, Kim J H, Raymond M M, Bonacic C, Cambre R, Crawshaw P, Nunes A, Seuánez H N, Moreira M A, Seymour K L, Simon F, Swanson W, O'Brien S J
Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
Mol Ecol. 1999 Dec;8(12 Suppl 1):S79-94. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00796.x.
Tissue specimens from four species of Neotropical small cats (Oncifelis geoffroyi, N = 38; O. guigna, N = 6; Leopardus tigrinus, N = 32; Lynchailurus colocolo, N = 22) collected from throughout their distribution were examined for patterns of DNA sequence variation using three mitochondrial genes, 16S rRNA, ATP8, and NADH-5. Patterns between and among O. guigna and O. geoffroyi individuals were assessed further from size variation at 20 microsatellite loci. Phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed monophyletic clustering of the four species, plus evidence of natural hybridization between L. tigrinus and L. colocolo in areas of range overlap and discrete population subdivisions reflecting geographical isolation. Several commonly accepted subspecies partitions were affirmed for L. colocolo, but not for O. geoffroyi. The lack of geographical substructure in O. geoffroyi was recapitulated with the microsatellite data, as was the monophyletic clustering of O. guigna and O. geoffroyi individuals. L. tigrinus forms two phylogeographic clusters which correspond to L.t. oncilla (from Costa Rica) and L.t. guttula (from Brazil) and which have mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genetic distance estimates comparable to interspecific values between other ocelot lineage species. Using feline-specific calibration rates for mitochondrial DNA mutation rates, we estimated that extant lineages of O. guigna diverged 0.4 million years ago (Ma), compared with 1.7 Ma for L. colocolo, 2.0 Ma for O. geoffroyi, and 3.7 Ma for L. tigrinus.
对从新热带地区四种小型猫科动物（乔氏猫，N = 38；山原猫，N = 6；虎猫，N = 32；南美草原猫，N = 22）整个分布范围内采集的组织样本，使用三个线粒体基因（16S rRNA、ATP8和NADH-5）检测DNA序列变异模式。通过20个微卫星位点的大小变异，进一步评估了山原猫和乔氏猫个体之间及群体间的模式。利用线粒体DNA序列进行的系统发育分析揭示了这四个物种的单系聚类，以及在分布范围重叠区域虎猫和南美草原猫之间自然杂交的证据，还有反映地理隔离的离散种群细分。对于南美草原猫，确认了几个普遍认可的亚种划分，但乔氏猫没有。微卫星数据重现了乔氏猫缺乏地理亚结构的情况，以及山原猫和乔氏猫个体的单系聚类。虎猫形成两个系统地理聚类，分别对应于来自哥斯达黎加的t. oncilla和来自巴西的t. guttula，其线粒体DNA（mtDNA）遗传距离估计值与其他豹猫谱系物种之间的种间值相当。使用猫科动物特有的线粒体DNA突变率校准率，我们估计现存的山原猫谱系在40万年前分化，而南美草原猫为170万年前，乔氏猫为200万年前，虎猫为370万年前。
