Anderson R A
Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA.
Diabetes Metab. 2000 Feb;26(1):22-7.
Chromium is an essential nutrient involved in the metabolism of glucose, insulin and blood lipids. Suboptimal dietary intake of chromium is associated with increased risk factors associated with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Within the past five years, chromium has been shown to improve glucose and related variables in subjects with glucose intolerance and type 1, type 2, gestational and steroid-induced diabetes. Severe neuropathy and glucose intolerance of a patient on total parenteral nutrition, who was receiving currently recommended levels of chromium, were reversed by additional supplemental chromium. Chromium increases insulin binding to cells, insulin receptor number and activates insulin receptor kinase leading to increased insulin sensitivity. Additional studies are urgently needed to elucidate the mechanism of action of chromium and its role in the prevention and control of diabetes.
铬是一种必需营养素，参与葡萄糖、胰岛素和血脂的代谢。饮食中铬摄入不足与糖尿病和心血管疾病相关的风险因素增加有关。在过去五年中，已证明铬可改善葡萄糖不耐受以及1型、2型、妊娠期和类固醇诱导型糖尿病患者的血糖及相关变量。一名接受全胃肠外营养且铬摄入量为当前推荐水平的患者，其严重神经病变和葡萄糖不耐受通过额外补充铬得到了逆转。铬可增加胰岛素与细胞的结合、胰岛素受体数量，并激活胰岛素受体激酶，从而提高胰岛素敏感性。迫切需要进一步研究以阐明铬的作用机制及其在糖尿病预防和控制中的作用。
