Zabin L S, Huggins G R, Emerson M R, Cullins V E
Department of Population and Family Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Fam Plann Perspect. 2000 Jan-Feb;32(1):39-45.
Current definitions of pregnancy intention that are useful at aggregate levels are weak at the individual level. This is especially true in social contexts where childbearing and pregnancy often occur within casual or transient relationships.
Extensive data on lifetime partnerships and sexual behaviors, including pregnancies and births, from 250 low-income women who had experienced a total of 839 pregnancies are used to explore correlates of intention to conceive, as well as the extent to which women attribute their intentions to a current partnership.
Some 57% of reported pregnancies were unintended. Overall, 21% of the women had not wished to conceive at least one of their pregnancies with the partner who impregnated them; that proportion rose to 33% among women who had had only unintended pregnancies. Even among women who had had no unintended pregnancies, 18% had had at least one conception that they had not wanted with their partner at the time of conception. Women were less likely to say they had not wanted to conceive with a particular partner if they were living with that partner than if they were not. The likelihood of not having wanted a pregnancy with a given partner rose with the lifetime number of serious partners. Pregnancies that were not wanted with a particular partner were more than twice as likely to end in abortion as were those that were (33% vs. 14%).
Among these women, the desire to avoid childbearing relates more to the couple involved in the conception than to abstract notions of completed family size. It would therefore be useful to include items pertaining to partner relationships in future studies of pregnancy intention.
当前在总体层面有用的怀孕意愿定义在个体层面较为薄弱。在生育和怀孕往往发生在随意或短暂关系中的社会背景下尤其如此。
利用250名低收入女性的关于一生伴侣关系和性行为（包括怀孕和生育）的广泛数据（这些女性总共经历了839次怀孕）来探究受孕意愿的相关因素，以及女性将其意愿归因于当前伴侣关系的程度。
约57%的报告怀孕是意外怀孕。总体而言，21%的女性不希望与使她们受孕的伴侣怀上至少一次身孕；在仅有意外怀孕经历的女性中，这一比例升至33%。即使在没有意外怀孕经历的女性中，18%至少有过一次在受孕时并不希望与伴侣怀上的身孕。与未与伴侣同居的女性相比，与伴侣同居的女性不太可能表示不希望与特定伴侣受孕。不希望与特定伴侣怀孕的可能性随着一生中有过的认真交往伴侣数量增加而上升。与伴侣不想要的怀孕最终流产的可能性是想要的怀孕的两倍多（33%对14%）。
在这些女性中，避免生育的愿望更多地与受孕时涉及的伴侣有关，而非与理想家庭规模的抽象概念有关。因此，在未来关于怀孕意愿的研究中纳入与伴侣关系相关的项目会很有用。
