Southwood M H, Chatterjee A
School of Health Related Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35233-7219, USA.
Brain Lang. 2000 Mar;72(1):14-39. doi: 10.1006/brln.1999.2280.
During oral reading we hypothesized that lexical representations are activated and selected for output by the simultaneous activation of the semantic, the direct lexical orthography to phonology, and the sublexical grapheme-to-phoneme conversion (GPC) routes (Southwood & Chatterjee, 1999). Serial models of reading argue that the semantic route governs oral reading with minimal influence from the nonlexical direct route and the sublexical GPC route. These models predict that semantic errors should occur in reading when the semantic route and GPC are both impaired. The Simultaneous Activation Hypothesis predicts few semantic errors in oral reading but many during picture naming. Semantic errors are infrequent in reading because information from all three reading routes constrains activation of a phonological entry. By contrast phonological selection in picture naming is constrained primarily by the semantic route and if damaged additional information is unavailable to select the appropriate phonological code. In agreement with the Simultaneous Activation Hypothesis five phonological dyslexics produced semantic errors during picture naming but not when reading aloud. Phonological errors were present during oral reading and minimal during picture naming.
在出声阅读过程中，我们假设词汇表征是通过语义、从词形直接到语音的映射以及次词汇的字素到音素转换（GPC）路径的同时激活来被激活并选择用于输出的（索思伍德和查特吉，1999）。阅读的串行模型认为，语义路径在非词汇直接路径和次词汇GPC路径的影响最小的情况下控制出声阅读。这些模型预测，当语义路径和GPC都受损时，阅读中应该会出现语义错误。同时激活假说预测出声阅读中语义错误很少，但在图片命名时会很多。阅读中语义错误很少见，因为来自所有三条阅读路径的信息会限制语音条目激活。相比之下，图片命名中的语音选择主要受语义路径的限制，如果语义路径受损，就没有额外信息来选择合适的语音代码。与同时激活假说一致，五名语音失读症患者在图片命名时出现语义错误，但出声阅读时没有。出声阅读时有语音错误，图片命名时语音错误最少。
