Cutcliffe J R, Goward P
Sheffield University and Royal College of Nursing Institute, Oxford, England.
J Adv Nurs. 2000 Mar;31(3):590-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01314.x.
Mental health nurses and qualitative research methods: a mutual attraction? In response to issues arising out of curriculum developments, the authors wished to examine more closely the potential reasons why psychiatric/mental health (P/MH) nurses appear to gravitate towards certain research methodologies. This paper therefore briefly examines the essential differences between qualitative and quantitative research paradigms, focusing on philosophical, epistemological and methodological issues. It then proceeds to examine some of the essential characteristics and attributes of P/MH nurses and suggests some differences in emphasis between these and other disciplines of nursing. The authors posit that psychiatric/mental health nurses are drawn to the qualitative paradigm as a result of the potential synchronicity and linkage that appears to exist between the practice of mental health nursing and qualitative research. This apparent synchronicity appears to centre around the three themes of: (a) the purposeful use of self; (b) the creation of an interpersonal relationship; and (c) the ability to accept and embrace ambiguity and uncertainty. Given this alleged synchronicity the authors argue that there are implications for nurse education and nursing research. Further it is possible that each nursing situation where the mental health nurse forms a relationship and attempts to gain an empathic sense of the individual's world is akin to an informal phenomenological study, the product of which would be a wealth of qualitative data. However, as this would be a subconscious, implicit process, the data would remain predominantly unprocessed. The authors conclude that perhaps these data are the knowledge that expert practitioners draw upon when making intuition-based clinical judgements.
相互吸引？针对课程发展中出现的问题，作者希望更深入地探究精神科/心理健康（P/MH）护士似乎倾向于某些研究方法的潜在原因。因此，本文简要考察定性和定量研究范式之间的本质区别，重点关注哲学、认识论和方法论问题。接着探讨P/MH护士的一些基本特征和属性，并指出这些特征与其他护理学科在侧重点上的一些差异。作者认为，精神科/心理健康护士被定性范式所吸引，是因为精神科护理实践与定性研究之间似乎存在潜在的同步性和联系。这种明显的同步性似乎围绕以下三个主题：（a）有目的地运用自身；（b）建立人际关系；（c）接受和包容模糊性与不确定性的能力。鉴于这种所谓的同步性，作者认为这对护士教育和护理研究具有启示意义。此外，精神科护士建立关系并试图对个体的世界产生共情理解的每一个护理情境，都有可能类似于一项非正式的现象学研究，其成果将是丰富的定性数据。然而，由于这将是一个潜意识的、隐含的过程，这些数据将主要保持未处理状态。作者得出结论，也许这些数据就是专家从业者在基于直觉做出临床判断时所利用的知识。
