Lohrmann C, Välimäki M, Suominen T, Muinonen U, Dassen T, Peate I
Humboldt-Universität, Institut für Medizin-/Pflegepädagogik und Pflegewissenschaft, Berlin, Germany.
J Adv Nurs. 2000 Mar;31(3):696-703. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01326.x.
German nursing students' knowledge of and attitudes to HIV and AIDS: two decades after the first AIDS case This study describes German nursing students' (n=180) knowledge and attitudes relating to HIV/AIDS, their homophobia level, willingness to care for people with AIDS, and their approach to possible sexual risk behaviours. A questionnaire was used to collect the data (response rate 97.8%). The results indicated that the nursing students had a rather high knowledge level concerning AIDS. However, there were gaps of knowledge, such as regarding AIDS immunopathology or the symptoms of the disease. Single nursing students and those having cared for a person with AIDS had a more thorough knowledge about the disease. In general, the attitudes towards AIDS and people with AIDS were tolerant and positive, and homophobia was only found with a small minority. Students having positive attitudes towards people with HIV/AIDS had less homophobia compared to those having negative attitudes towards persons suffering from AIDS. Those with positive attitudes were more willing to care for patients with HIV/AIDS, while those with a high homophobia level were less willing to do so. In addition, students having a high AIDS knowledge level tended less towards negative attitudes and homophobia than those with a low level of knowledge. The implications of the research for nursing education will be discussed.
首例艾滋病病例出现二十年后 本研究描述了德国护理专业学生（n = 180）对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的认知和态度、他们的恐同程度、护理艾滋病患者的意愿以及他们对可能的性风险行为的处理方式。通过问卷调查收集数据（回复率97.8%）。结果表明，护理专业学生对艾滋病有较高的认知水平。然而，在知识方面仍存在差距，比如关于艾滋病免疫病理学或该疾病的症状。单身护理专业学生以及那些照顾过艾滋病患者的学生对该疾病有更深入的了解。总体而言，对艾滋病和艾滋病患者的态度是宽容和积极的，只有少数人存在恐同现象。对艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者持积极态度的学生与对艾滋病患者持消极态度的学生相比，恐同程度更低。持积极态度的人更愿意护理艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者，而恐同程度高的人则不太愿意这样做。此外，艾滋病知识水平高的学生比知识水平低的学生更不容易持消极态度和存在恐同现象。将讨论该研究对护理教育的启示。
