Bellanti J A, Zeligs B J, MacDowell-Carneiro A L, Abaci A S, Genuardi J A
Department of Pediatrics, International Center for Interdisciplinary Studies of Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2000 Feb;84(2):249-54. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62762-7.
Dust mite antigens are major sources of allergens in house dust and together with endotoxin, a proinflammatory component of gram negative bacteria also found in house dust, are important causes of tissue injury involved in the pathogenesis and severity of allergic diseases, eg, asthma.
To determine the effectiveness of vacuuming in reducing the quantity of dust mite antigens, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p and Der p2) and endotoxin using a quantitative ELISA assay and to correlate results with those obtained using a qualitative rapid dipstick method for Der p2.
Four specimens of house dust were collected using a Kirby Model G5 vacuum cleaner with a Micron Magic Filtration system from an approximately 54" x 18" standardized area of rug from each of 20 homes at 4 time intervals over a 6-week period, ie, a baseline specimen #1 at 0 week; specimen #2 at 1 week; specimen #3 at 5 weeks (1 month after specimen #2); specimen #4 at 6 weeks (1 week after specimen #3). Three intervals were compared, ie, period 1-2 (1 week), period 2-3 (1 month), and period 3 to 4 (1 week). The concentrations of Der p1 and Der p2 were determined in dust samples using a standard ELISA assay and the concentration of endotoxin was detected using a limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Concentrations of Der p2, determined by the standard ELISA assay, were compared to those in the same samples determined by a rapid dipstick method.
A wide range of values for total weight of unprocessed dust (0.3 to 59 g, X = 8.7) and finely sieved dust (0.1 to 19 g, X = 3) from all specimens were found. In finely sieved dust specimens the mean concentrations of Der p1, Der p2 and endotoxin were 775, 1310, and 3836 ng/g of dust, respectively. Following weekly vacuuming there was an increase in concentration of Der p1, Der p2, and endotoxin in 20%, 35%, and 63% of the houses, respectively, compared to in monthly vacuuming in which increases were seen in 65%, 50%, and 63% of the houses, respectively. In contrast, there was a decrease in concentration of Der p1, Der p2 and endotoxin with weekly vacuuming in 43%, 60%, and 37% of the houses respectively versus in monthly vacuuming in 15%, 35%, and 37% of the houses respectively. A correlation coefficient of 0.7 was found for the concentration of Der p2 in 37/40 samples tested detected using the ELISA method compared with rapid dipstick assay.
The results of this study support the effectiveness of vacuuming on the reduction of dust mite antigens (Der p1 and Der p2) ie, Der p2 > Der p1. This reduction was more pronounced with weekly compared with monthly vacuuming. No reduction in the concentration of endotoxin was found. A good correlation was found between results obtained by ELISA and rapid dipstick assay for Der p2.
尘螨抗原是室内灰尘中过敏原的主要来源，与内毒素一起，内毒素是革兰氏阴性菌的一种促炎成分，也存在于室内灰尘中，是参与过敏性疾病（如哮喘）发病机制和严重程度的组织损伤的重要原因。
使用定量酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）确定吸尘在减少尘螨抗原、屋尘螨（Der p和Der p2）和内毒素数量方面的有效性，并将结果与使用Der p2定性快速试纸法获得的结果进行关联。
使用带有微米魔法过滤系统的 Kirby G5型真空吸尘器，在6周内的4个时间间隔从20户家庭中每个家庭约54英寸×18英寸的标准地毯区域收集4份室内灰尘样本，即0周时的基线样本#1；1周时的样本#2；5周时（样本#2后1个月）的样本#3；6周时（样本#3后1周）的样本#4。比较三个时间段，即第1 - 2期（1周）、第2 - 3期（1个月）和第3至4期（1周）。使用标准ELISA测定法测定灰尘样本中Der p1和Der p2的浓度，使用鲎试剂法检测内毒素的浓度。将通过标准ELISA测定法测定的Der p2浓度与通过快速试纸法测定的相同样本中的浓度进行比较。
发现所有样本中未处理灰尘的总重量（0.3至59克，X = 8.7）和细筛灰尘（0.1至19克，X = 3）的值范围很广。在细筛灰尘样本中，Der p1、Der p2和内毒素的平均浓度分别为775、1310和3836纳克/克灰尘。与每月吸尘相比，每周吸尘后，分别有20%、35%和63%的房屋中Der p1、Der p2和内毒素的浓度增加，而每月吸尘时分别有65%、50%和63%的房屋中出现浓度增加。相比之下，每周吸尘时，分别有43%、60%和37%的房屋中Der p1、Der p2和内毒素的浓度下降，而每月吸尘时分别有15%、35%和37%的房屋中出现浓度下降。在使用ELISA方法检测的37/40个样本中，Der p2浓度与快速试纸测定法的相关系数为0.7。
本研究结果支持吸尘对减少尘螨抗原（Der p1和Der p2）即Der p2>Der p1的有效性。与每月吸尘相比，每周吸尘这种减少更为明显。未发现内毒素浓度降低。ELISA法和Der p2快速试纸测定法的结果之间存在良好的相关性。
