Gorb S, Beutel R G
Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen, Germany.
J Morphol. 2000 Apr;244(1):1-14. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(200004)244:1<1::AID-JMOR1>3.0.CO;2-E.
This work provides the morphological basis of mandible kinematics of beetle larvae with different types of head capsules, orientation of mouthparts, mandible design, and feeding behavior. Short descriptions are provided for the hypognathous head of Liocola marmorata (Scarabaeidae), the prognathous head of Cybister lateralimarginalis (Dytiscidae), and the hyperprognathous head of Hydrophilus piceus (Hydrophilidae). Using 3D measurements of a set of points selected on the head, 3D models of head capsules and mandible articulations were made for the larvae of these three species. Further calculations of the models showed differences in spatial positions of mandible axes and insertion points of mandible muscles. Functional consequences of these differences and evolutionary aspects of changes in head design and mandible articulations are discussed. It is suggested that the approach used in this study may be useful for further comparative studies of mandible mechanics of a broad variety of insect taxa.
这项工作为具有不同类型头壳、口器方向、下颚设计和取食行为的甲虫幼虫的下颌运动学提供了形态学基础。文中简要描述了大理石葬甲（金龟科）的下口式头部、侧缘龙虱（龙虱科）的前口式头部以及黑腹水龟虫（水龟虫科）的超前口式头部。通过对头部选定的一组点进行三维测量，为这三个物种的幼虫制作了头壳和下颌关节的三维模型。对模型的进一步计算显示了下颌轴的空间位置和下颌肌肉插入点的差异。文中讨论了这些差异的功能后果以及头部设计和下颌关节变化的进化方面。研究表明，本研究中使用的方法可能有助于对多种昆虫类群的下颌力学进行进一步的比较研究。
