Wang E, Dement J M, Lipscomb H
Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 1999 Jan;14(1):45-58. doi: 10.1080/104732299303412.
This study evaluated proportionate mortality patterns among all male construction workers in North Carolina who resided and died in North Carolina during the period 1988-1994. Proportionate Mortality Ratios (PMRs) and Proportionate Cancer Mortality Ratios (PCMRs) compared the number of deaths among male construction workers with the number of deaths expected based on the gender, race, and cause-specific mortality experience of the entire North Carolina population by five-year age groups for the same years of study. PMRs based on United States death rates also were calculated. Among all male construction workers, significantly elevated mortality was observed for several causes possibly related to work including malignant neoplasms of buccal cavity (PMR = 143), pharynx (PMR = 134), and lung (PMR = 113), pneumoconiosis (PMR = 111), transportation accidents (PMR = 106), and accidental falls (PMR = 132). Elevated mortality also was observed for causes more related to lifestyle and non-occupational factors including alcoholism (PMR = 145), cirrhosis of the liver (PMR = 129), accidental poisoning (PMR = 136), and homicide (PMR = 141). Patterns of elevated mortality for Whites and Black men were similar and PCMR mortality patterns for Blacks and Whites combined were similar to PMRs. Construction workers were at significantly increased risk for deaths resulting from falls from ladders or scaffolds, falls from or out of buildings or structures, and electrocutions. Construction trades found to have statistically elevated cancer risks include laborers and roofers (buccal cavity), painters (pharynx), laborers (peritoneum), and carpenters, painters, brick masons, and operating engineers (lung). These data are consistent with other reports demonstrating excess mortality from asbestos-related diseases (pneumoconiosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma) among construction workers. Dry-wall workers and laborers were found to have a statistically elevated risk of death as a result of respiratory tuberculosis.
本研究评估了1988 - 1994年期间居住并死于北卡罗来纳州的所有男性建筑工人的比例死亡率模式。比例死亡率（PMR）和比例癌症死亡率（PCMR）将男性建筑工人的死亡人数与基于北卡罗来纳州全体人口在相同研究年份按五岁年龄组划分的性别、种族和特定病因死亡率经验所预期的死亡人数进行了比较。还计算了基于美国死亡率的PMR。在所有男性建筑工人中，观察到几种可能与工作相关的病因导致的死亡率显著升高，包括口腔恶性肿瘤（PMR = 143）、咽恶性肿瘤（PMR = 134）和肺癌（PMR = 113）、尘肺病（PMR = 111）、交通事故（PMR = 106）以及意外跌倒（PMR = 132）。还观察到与生活方式和非职业因素更相关的病因导致的死亡率升高，包括酗酒（PMR = 145）、肝硬化（PMR = 129）、意外中毒（PMR = 136）和凶杀（PMR = 141）。白人和黑人男性死亡率升高的模式相似，黑人和白人合并的PCMR死亡率模式与PMR相似。建筑工人因从梯子或脚手架上跌落、从建筑物或构筑物上或从其内部跌落以及触电而死亡的风险显著增加。发现具有统计学上升高的癌症风险的建筑行业包括劳工和屋顶工（口腔）、油漆工（咽）、劳工（腹膜）以及木匠、油漆工、砖匠和操作工程师（肺）。这些数据与其他报告一致，这些报告表明建筑工人中与石棉相关疾病（尘肺病、肺癌和间皮瘤）导致的死亡率过高。发现干墙工和劳工因呼吸性结核病导致的死亡风险在统计学上有所升高。
