Krisher R L, Bavister B D
Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706, USA.
Theriogenology. 1998 Jan 1;49(1):103-14. doi: 10.1016/s0093-691x(97)00405-6.
Embryo development is strongly influenced by events occurring during oocyte maturation. Although many immature oocytes are capable of completing meiosis in vitro, only a small percentage of the original pool of immature oocytes is competent to continue development to the blastocyst stage and subsequently result in a pregnancy. This indicates that maturation of oocytes in vitro may not be occurring in an entirely normal manner. Cytoplasmic changes occurring during maturation, collectively termed cytoplasmic maturation, are essential for embryonic development. The cytoplasm of the oocyte may play a crucial role in assembling the correct metabolic machinery for production of sufficient energy for cellular functions during maturation, cleavage and blastocyst formation. A better understanding of the structural, functional and metabolic characteristics of the oocyte during maturation, and the consequence of changes in these parameters on developmental competence is needed. Understanding the role of cytoplasmic changes during oocyte maturation will help increase the efficiency of in vitro embryo production. Better embryo production strategies will facilitate basic research into the control of early development, improve implementation in endangered species, provide a source of high quality oocytes for nuclear transfer and transgenic technologies and benefit the commercial embryo transfer industry.
胚胎发育受到卵母细胞成熟过程中发生事件的强烈影响。尽管许多未成熟卵母细胞能够在体外完成减数分裂，但原始未成熟卵母细胞池中只有一小部分有能力继续发育到囊胚阶段并随后导致妊娠。这表明卵母细胞在体外的成熟可能并非以完全正常的方式进行。成熟过程中发生的细胞质变化，统称为细胞质成熟，对胚胎发育至关重要。卵母细胞的细胞质可能在组装正确的代谢机制以在成熟、卵裂和囊胚形成过程中为细胞功能产生足够能量方面发挥关键作用。需要更好地了解卵母细胞在成熟过程中的结构、功能和代谢特征，以及这些参数变化对发育能力的影响。了解卵母细胞成熟过程中细胞质变化的作用将有助于提高体外胚胎生产的效率。更好的胚胎生产策略将促进对早期发育控制的基础研究，改善濒危物种的繁殖，为核移植和转基因技术提供高质量卵母细胞来源，并造福商业胚胎移植行业。
