Schreiber C A, Kahneman D
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2000 Mar;129(1):27-42. doi: 10.1037//0096-3445.129.1.27.
Retrospective evaluations of aversive episodes were studied in the context of a general model of "judgment by prototype" that has been applied in other situations. Unpleasant sounds of variable loudness and duration were the stimuli. In Experiment 1, continuous reports of annoyance closely tracked variations of noise intensity. Hypotheses about the determinants of retrospective evaluation were examined in Experiment 2. Experiment 3 confirmed a prediction of judgment by prototype: The effects of sound duration and intensity are additive in multitrial experiments. Experiment 4 confirmed a robust preference for aversive episodes that are "improved" by adding a period of reduced aversiveness.
在已应用于其他情境的“原型判断”通用模型背景下，对厌恶事件进行了回顾性评估。可变响度和时长的不悦声音作为刺激物。在实验1中，烦恼程度的连续报告密切追踪了噪声强度的变化。在实验2中检验了关于回顾性评估决定因素的假设。实验3证实了原型判断的一个预测：在多试验实验中，声音时长和强度的影响是可叠加的。实验4证实了对于通过增加一段厌恶程度降低的时期而“改善”的厌恶事件存在强烈偏好。
