Bakker A B, Killmer C H, Siegrist J, Schaufeli W B
Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J Adv Nurs. 2000 Apr;31(4):884-91. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01361.x.
This study among a sample of 204 German nurses tested the hypothesis that an imbalance of high extrinsic efforts spent (i.e. job demands) and low extrinsic rewards obtained (e.g. poor promotion prospects) are associated with the burnout syndrome: the depletion of nurses' emotional resources. The results of a series of analyses of variances confirmed this hypothesis, by showing that those nurses who experienced an effort-reward imbalance (ERI) reported higher levels on two of the three core dimensions of burnout (i.e. emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) than those who did not experience such an imbalance. Moreover - as additionally hypothesized - significant interaction effects indicated that burnout (i.e. emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment) was particularly prevalent among those nurses who experienced ERI and put relatively high intrinsic effort into their jobs, as reflected by their strong tendency to be personally in control over job conditions.
这项针对204名德国护士样本的研究检验了以下假设：外在付出（即工作要求）高与外在回报低（如晋升前景不佳）之间的失衡与倦怠综合征相关，即护士情感资源的枯竭。一系列方差分析的结果证实了这一假设，结果显示，那些经历了努力-回报失衡（ERI）的护士在倦怠的三个核心维度中的两个维度（即情感耗竭和去个性化）上的得分高于未经历这种失衡的护士。此外，正如额外假设的那样，显著的交互作用表明，倦怠（即情感耗竭和个人成就感降低）在那些经历了ERI且在工作中投入相对较高内在努力的护士中尤为普遍，这体现在他们对工作条件有较强的个人掌控倾向。
