The Department of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels Väg 13, 171 65, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
The Department of Society and Health, Institute of Health, Medicine and Care, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Hum Resour Health. 2024 Nov 19;22(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s12960-024-00958-1.
The deteriorating psychosocial work environment among healthcare workers in Sweden, influenced by demanding working conditions and resource constraints, affects individual well-being and patient care quality. Healthcare workers, including physicians, registered nurses, and nursing assistants, often work interdependently and share workplaces, yet are three completely different professions. Nonetheless, comprehensive studies comparing their psychosocial work environments are scarce; often focusing on healthcare workers either separately or as a homogenous group, but rarely comparative.
Utilising the job demands-resources model, this study investigated variations in the psychosocial work environment among Swedish healthcare workers. We wanted to identify how the antecedents of individual well-being, in the form of demands and resources, differed between healthcare workers.
Data from the 2022 Longitudinal Occupational Health Survey for Health Care in Sweden were analysed; the participants included 7589 physicians, registered nurses, and nursing assistants. The analysis involved descriptive statistics, including measures of means and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), employing the Bonferroni correction for multiple post hoc comparisons. The ANCOVA was also stratified by working factors, including years of work experience and employment within the private/public sector.
The study revealed significant variations in how healthcare workers perceive their psychosocial work environment. Physicians faced the highest level of Quantitative Demands (mean (x̄) 3.15; 95% CI 3.11-3.19), while registered nurses reported the most Emotional Demands (x̄ 3.37; 95% CI 3.32-3.41). Nursing assistants had the highest grand means for the imbalance between Efforts and Rewards (Effort Reward Imbalance) (x̄ 1.49; 95% CI 1.49-1.49) and an imbalance between Work and Private Life (Work-Life Interference) (x̄ 3.20, 95% CI 3.15-3.25), along with limited resources. The stratified analysis showed that years of experience and the sector affected healthcare workers' perceptions of their psychosocial working environment. For example, registered nurses working in the private sector reported better working conditions than registered nurses working in the public sector. The situation for nursing assistants was reversed.
Psychosocial work environments are experienced differently between and within healthcare professions in Sweden. This study provides crucial insights for improving workplace conditions and consequently enhancing healthcare professionals' well-being and quality of patient care.
瑞典医护人员的心理社会工作环境不断恶化，这受到高要求的工作条件和资源限制的影响，影响了个人的幸福感和患者的护理质量。医护人员，包括医生、注册护士和护理助理，通常相互依存并共享工作场所，但他们是三个完全不同的职业。尽管如此，很少有综合研究比较他们的心理社会工作环境；通常要么分别关注医护人员，要么将他们视为同质群体，很少进行比较。
利用工作需求-资源模型，本研究调查了瑞典医护人员心理社会工作环境的变化。我们想了解个体幸福感的前因，即需求和资源，在医护人员之间有何不同。
分析了 2022 年瑞典医疗保健纵向职业健康调查的数据；参与者包括 7589 名医生、注册护士和护理助理。分析包括描述性统计，包括均值和协方差分析（ANCOVA）的措施，采用 Bonferroni 校正进行多次事后比较。ANCOVA 还按工作因素分层，包括工作年限和在私营/公共部门的就业情况。
研究表明，医护人员对其心理社会工作环境的看法存在显著差异。医生面临最高水平的量化需求（均值 (x̄) 3.15；95%置信区间 3.11-3.19），而注册护士报告了最高的情感需求（x̄ 3.37；95%置信区间 3.32-3.41）。护理助理的努力与回报之间的不平衡（努力回报失衡）（x̄ 1.49；95%置信区间 1.49-1.49）和工作与私人生活之间的不平衡（工作-生活干扰）（x̄ 3.20，95%置信区间 3.15-3.25）的总平均值最高，资源有限。分层分析表明，工作年限和部门影响了医护人员对其心理社会工作环境的看法。例如，在私营部门工作的注册护士报告的工作条件优于在公共部门工作的注册护士。护理助理的情况则相反。
在瑞典，医护人员之间和内部的心理社会工作环境存在差异。本研究为改善工作场所条件提供了重要的见解，从而提高医疗保健专业人员的幸福感和患者的护理质量。
