Burger J, Stephens W L, Boring C S, Kuklinski M, Gibbons J W, Gochfeld M
Nelson Biological Laboratory, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway 08854-8082, USA.
Risk Anal. 1999 Jun;19(3):427-38. doi: 10.1023/a:1007048628467.
South Carolina has issued fish consumption advisories for the Savannah River based on mercury and radionuclide levels. We examine differences in fishing rates and fish consumption of 258 people interviewed while fishing along the Savannah River, as a function of age, education, ethnicity, employment history, and income, and test the assumption that the average consumption of fish is less than the recreational value of 19 kg/year assumed by risk assessors. Ethnicity and education contributed significantly to explaining variations in number of fish meals per month, serving size, and total quantity of fish consumed per year. Blacks fished more often, ate more fish meals of slightly larger serving sizes, and consumed more fish per year than did Whites. Although education and income were correlated, education contributed most significantly to behavior; people who did not graduate from high school ate fish more often, ate more fish per year, and ate more whole fish than people who graduated from high school. Computing consumption of fish for each person individually indicates that (1) people who eat fish more often also eat larger portions, (2) a substantial number of people consume more than the amount of fish used to compute risk to recreational fishermen, (3) some people consume more than the subsistence level default assumption (50 kg/year) and (4) Blacks consume more fish per year than Whites, putting them at greater risk from contaminants in fish. Overall, ethnicity, age, and education contributed to variations in fishing behavior and consumption.
南卡罗来纳州已根据汞和放射性核素水平发布了针对萨凡纳河的鱼类消费建议。我们调查了在萨凡纳河沿岸捕鱼时接受采访的258人的捕鱼率和鱼类消费量差异，这些差异是年龄、教育程度、种族、就业历史和收入的函数，并检验了鱼类平均消费量低于风险评估者假定的每年19千克娱乐价值这一假设。种族和教育程度对解释每月鱼类餐数、每份食量和每年鱼类消费总量的变化有显著贡献。黑人捕鱼更频繁，食用的鱼类餐数更多，每份食量略大，且每年消费的鱼类比白人多。尽管教育程度和收入相关，但教育程度对行为的影响最为显著；未高中毕业的人比高中毕业生更频繁地吃鱼，每年吃的鱼更多，且吃的整条鱼更多。单独计算每个人的鱼类消费量表明：（1）更频繁吃鱼的人食量也更大；（2）相当多的人消费的鱼类超过了用于计算休闲渔民风险的量；（3）一些人消费的鱼类超过了维持生计水平的默认假设（每年50千克）；（4）黑人每年消费的鱼类比白人多，这使他们面临来自鱼类污染物的更大风险。总体而言，种族、年龄和教育程度导致了捕鱼行为和消费的差异。
