Cell Biology and Neurosciences, NIEHS Center of Excellence, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Ecology and Evolution Graduate Program, and Pinelands Research Station, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (CRESP), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
Risk Anal. 2022 Nov;42(11):2362-2375. doi: 10.1111/risa.14020. Epub 2022 Sep 17.
Risk communication is often viewed as imparting information and perhaps as a two-way dialogue. Risk communication inadequacies on the part of both "communicator" and "community members" can lead to adverse consequences and amplify environmental justice disparities. The paper suggests a transformational approach where risk communicators must learn to trust community experts and their knowledge base (and act upon it), where risk information imparted by risk communicators addresses what communities are most concerned about (as well as risk from specific chemicals or radionuclides), and where risk information and assessments address underlying issues and disparities, as well as cultural traditions (among others). Providing risk probabilities is no longer sufficient; western science may not be enough, and community and native scientific knowledge is needed. Risk communication (or information transfer) for environmental risks that are ongoing usually applies to low-income, minority communities-people living in dense inner cities, rural communities, Native American communities-or to people living near a risky facility. Communication within this context requires mutual trust, listening and respect, as well as acceptance of indigenous and community knowledge as equally valuable. Examples are given to illustrate a community perspective.
风险沟通通常被视为传递信息，也许可以看作是一种双向对话。“沟通者”和“社区成员”双方在风险沟通方面的不足，可能会导致不良后果，并加剧环境正义方面的差距。本文提出了一种变革性的方法，即风险沟通者必须学会信任社区专家及其知识库（并据此采取行动），风险沟通者所传递的风险信息要解决社区最关心的问题（以及特定化学物质或放射性核素的风险），并且风险信息和评估要解决潜在问题和差距，以及文化传统（等等）。提供风险概率不再足够；西方科学可能还不够，需要社区和本土科学知识。正在发生的环境风险的风险沟通（或信息传递）通常适用于低收入、少数族裔社区——生活在人口密集的市中心、农村社区、美国原住民社区的人——或者生活在危险设施附近的人。在这种情况下，沟通需要相互信任、倾听和尊重，以及接受本土和社区知识同样有价值。本文通过举例说明了从社区角度出发的观点。
