Steptoe A, Cropley M, Griffith J, Kirschbaum C
Department of Psychology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, United Kingdom.
Psychosom Med. 2000 Mar-Apr;62(2):286-92. doi: 10.1097/00006842-200003000-00022.
The objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that high job demands and low job control (job strain) are associated with elevated free cortisol levels early in the working day and with reduced variability across the day and to evaluate the contribution of anger expression to this pattern.
One hundred five school teachers (41 men and 64 women) classified 12 months earlier as high (N = 48) or low (N = 57) in job strain according to the demand/control model sampled saliva at 2-hour intervals from 8:00 to 8:30 hours to 22:00 to 22:30 hours on a working day. Anger expression was assessed with the Speilberger State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, and negative affect was also measured.
Free cortisol was significantly elevated at 8:00 to 8:30 hours in the high job strain group but not at later times of the day or evening. After adjustment for age and negative affect, cortisol was an average of 21.7% higher early in the working day in the high job strain group. This effect was significantly greater in high job strain teachers, who also reported high anger-out. The cortisol decline from morning to evening was greater in the high than low job strain individuals. Independently of job strain, women had a higher cortisol concentration at 8:00 to 8:30 hours than men, whereas cortisol concentration was greater in men than women in the middle of the working day between 12:00 and 16:30 hours.
Job strain is associated with elevated free cortisol concentrations early in the working day but not with reduced cortisol variability. The interaction with outward anger expression suggests that individual characteristics modulate the impact of chronic work stress on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system.
本研究的目的是检验以下假设，即高工作要求和低工作控制（工作压力）与工作日开始时游离皮质醇水平升高以及全天变异性降低相关，并评估愤怒表达对这种模式的影响。
根据需求/控制模型，12个月前被分类为高工作压力（N = 48）或低工作压力（N = 57）的105名学校教师（41名男性和64名女性）在工作日从8:00至8:30至22:00至22:30每隔2小时采集一次唾液样本。使用斯皮尔伯格状态-特质愤怒表达量表评估愤怒表达，并测量消极情绪。
高工作压力组在8:00至8:30时游离皮质醇显著升高，但在当天晚些时候或晚上没有升高。在调整年龄和消极情绪后，高工作压力组在工作日开始时皮质醇平均高出21.7%。这种影响在高工作压力且愤怒爆发程度高的教师中显著更大。高工作压力个体从早晨到晚上的皮质醇下降幅度大于低工作压力个体。与工作压力无关，女性在8:00至8:30时的皮质醇浓度高于男性，而在工作日中午12:00至16:30之间男性的皮质醇浓度高于女性。
工作压力与工作日开始时游离皮质醇浓度升高相关，但与皮质醇变异性降低无关。与外向愤怒表达的相互作用表明，个体特征调节慢性工作压力对下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质系统的影响。
