FISPPA Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy.
Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jun 24;20(13):6220. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20136220.
Building on the job demands-resources (JD-R) and allostatic load (AL) models, in the present study we examined the role of smart working (SW) in the longitudinal association between workload/job autonomy (JA) and a possible biomarker of work-related stress (WRS) in the hair-namely, the cortisol-dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA(S)) ratio-during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, 124 workers completed a self-report questionnaire (i.e., psychological data) at Time 1 (T1) and provided a strand of hair (i.e., biological data) three months later (Time 2, T2). Results from moderated multiple regression analysis showed that SW at T1 was negatively associated with the hair cortisol/DHEA(S) ratio at T2. Additionally, the interaction between workload and SW was significant, with workload at T1 being positively associated with the hair cortisol/DHEA(S) ratio at T2 among smart workers. Overall, this study indicates that SW is a double-edged sword, with both positive and negative consequences on employee wellbeing. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the hair cortisol/DHEA(S) ratio is a promising biomarker of WRS. Practical implications that organizations and practitioners can adopt to prevent WRS and promote organizational wellbeing are discussed.
基于工作要求-资源（JD-R）和适应负荷（AL）模型，本研究考察了智能办公（SW）在新冠疫情期间，工作负荷/工作自主性（JA）与工作相关应激的潜在生物标志物（即头发中的皮质醇-脱氢表雄酮硫酸盐（DHEA(S)）比值）之间的纵向关联中的作用。总体而言，124 名员工在 T1（第 1 次）完成了一份自我报告问卷（即心理数据），并在三个月后（T2，第 2 次）提供了一根头发（即生物数据）。多元回归分析的结果表明，T1 时的 SW 与 T2 时的头发皮质醇/DHEA(S)比值呈负相关。此外，工作负荷与 SW 的交互作用具有统计学意义，T1 时的工作负荷与智能工作者 T2 时的头发皮质醇/DHEA(S)比值呈正相关。总的来说，这项研究表明，SW 是一把双刃剑，对员工的幸福感既有积极影响，也有消极影响。此外，我们的研究结果表明，头发皮质醇/DHEA(S)比值是工作相关应激的一种有前途的生物标志物。讨论了组织和从业者可以采取的实际意义，以预防工作相关应激和促进组织幸福感。
