Neiger R, Simpson K W
Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK.
J Vet Intern Med. 2000 Mar-Apr;14(2):125-33. doi: 10.1892/0891-6640(2000)014<0125:iidacf>2.3.co;2.
The discovery of the spiral bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its causative role in gastric disease in humans has brought a dramatic change to gastroenterology. Although spiral bacteria have been known for more than a century to infect the stomachs of dogs and cats, recent research has been conducted mainly in the wake of interest in H. pylori. H. pylori has not been found in dogs and only very rarely in cats and zoonotic risk is minimal. A variety of other Helicobacter spp. can infect the stomach of pets; however, their pathogenic role is far from clear, and they have a small but real zoonotic potential. The prevalence of gastric Helicobacter spp. in dogs and cats is high, irrespective of clinical signs, and as in human medicine, mode of transmission is unclear. The relationship of Helicobacter spp. to gastric inflammation in cats and dogs is unresolved, with inflammation, glandular degeneration, and lymphoid follicle hyperplasia accompanying infection in some but not all subjects. Circulating anti-Helicobacter immunoglobulin G antibodies have been detected in 80% of dogs with naturally acquired infection and most dogs and cats with experimental infection. The gastric secretory axis is similar in infected and uninfected cats and dogs and no relationship of infection to gastrointestinal ulcers has been found. Differences in the pathogenicity of Helicobacter spp. are apparent, because infection with H pylori is associated with a more severe gastritis than infection with other Helicobacter spp. in both cats and dogs. Rapid urease test, histopathology, and touch cytology are all highly accurate invasive diagnostic tests for gastric Helicobacter-like organisms in dogs and cats, whereas culture and polymerase chain reaction are the only means to identify them to the species level. Urea breath and blood tests or serology can be used to diagnose Helicobacter spp. noninvasively in dogs and cats. Most therapeutic studies in pets have not shown long-term eradication of Helicobacter spp. Whether this is due to reinfection or recrudescence has not been established.
螺旋菌幽门螺杆菌的发现及其在人类胃部疾病中的致病作用给胃肠病学带来了巨大变革。尽管螺旋菌感染犬猫胃部已有一个多世纪，但近期的研究主要是在对幽门螺杆菌产生兴趣之后开展的。犬类中未发现幽门螺杆菌，猫类中也极为罕见，人畜共患病风险极小。多种其他幽门螺杆菌属细菌可感染宠物胃部；然而，它们的致病作用尚不清楚，且具有较小但确实存在的人畜共患病潜力。无论有无临床症状，犬猫胃部幽门螺杆菌属细菌的感染率都很高，与人医情况一样，传播方式尚不清楚。幽门螺杆菌属细菌与犬猫胃部炎症的关系尚未明确，部分但并非所有感染动物会出现炎症、腺性退变和淋巴滤泡增生。在80%自然感染的犬类以及大多数实验感染的犬猫中都检测到了循环抗幽门螺杆菌免疫球蛋白G抗体。感染和未感染的猫犬胃部分泌轴相似，且未发现感染与胃肠道溃疡之间存在关联。幽门螺杆菌属细菌的致病性差异明显，因为在犬猫中，感染幽门螺杆菌比感染其他幽门螺杆菌属细菌引发的胃炎更为严重。快速尿素酶试验、组织病理学和触片细胞学检查都是诊断犬猫胃部幽门螺杆菌样微生物的高度准确的侵入性检测方法，而培养和聚合酶链反应是将它们鉴定到种水平的唯一手段。尿素呼气试验、血液检测或血清学检查可用于非侵入性诊断犬猫的幽门螺杆菌属细菌。大多数针对宠物的治疗研究并未显示幽门螺杆菌属细菌能被长期根除。目前尚不清楚这是由于再次感染还是复发所致。
