Shadel W G, Shiffman S, Niaura R, Nichter M, Abrams D B
Brown University Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2000 May 1;59 Suppl 1:S9-22. doi: 10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00162-3.
Youth smoking has risen dramatically during the last 5 years, leading one to the conclusion that prevention interventions have not been particularly effective. This paper provides an examination of features that define adult nicotine dependence and argues that these features need to be considered in any studied examination of youth etiology and development to nicotine dependence. We review the historical context for the concept of nicotine dependence, features that define the concept and current models of substance dependence more generally. Recommendations for future research are provided.
在过去五年中，青少年吸烟率急剧上升，这让人得出预防干预措施并非特别有效的结论。本文探讨了界定成人尼古丁依赖的特征，并认为在任何关于青少年尼古丁依赖病因和发展的研究中都需要考虑这些特征。我们回顾了尼古丁依赖概念的历史背景、界定该概念的特征以及更广泛的当前物质依赖模型。并提供了对未来研究的建议。
