青少年时期特定的吸烟风险因素可预测 ADHD 儿童 29 岁前每日吸烟的风险。
Smoking-Specific Risk Factors in Early Adulthood That Mediate Risk of Daily Smoking by Age 29 for Children with ADHD.
机构信息
University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
University of Houston - Clear Lake, TX, USA.
出版信息
J Atten Disord. 2022 Feb;26(4):525-536. doi: 10.1177/10870547211003664. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
OBJECTIVE
To test whether smoking-specific risk factors in early adulthood mediate prediction to daily smoking from childhood ADHD.
METHODS
Participants were 237 with and 164 without childhood ADHD. A smoking risk profile score comprising smoking-specific factors measured between ages 18 to 25 (e.g., craving severity) and age of initiation was tested as mediator of the association between childhood ADHD and age 29 daily smoking.
RESULTS
Childhood ADHD predicted age 29 smoking (β = -.15, = .019), 35% of ADHD versus 17% of nonADHD, and the profile score (β = -.07, = .004), which in turn mediated prediction to age 29 daily smoking (β = -.03; = .007). When tested individually, three profile variables (# cigarettes/day, difficulty concentrating during abstinence, and nicotine dependence) were significant mediators (s = 0.005-0.038), above and beyond early adult smoking, ADHD persistence, and delinquency.
CONCLUSIONS
These behavioral smoking characteristics help explain later daily cigarette smoking for adults with ADHD histories and may need to be targeted in intervention.
目的
检验成年早期吸烟特有的风险因素是否在儿童注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与成年后每日吸烟之间起中介作用。
方法
研究对象为 237 名有儿童期 ADHD 病史者和 164 名无儿童期 ADHD 病史者。吸烟风险特征评分由 18 至 25 岁之间（如渴望严重程度）和起始年龄测量的吸烟特有的因素组成，用于检验该评分在儿童期 ADHD 与 29 岁每日吸烟之间的相关性中的中介作用。
结果
儿童期 ADHD 预测了 29 岁时的吸烟状况（β=-.15，P=.019），ADHD 组的这一比例为 35%，而非 ADHD 组为 17%；该评分（β=-.07，P=.004）也在预测 29 岁每日吸烟状况中起中介作用（β=-.03；P=.007）。当逐一检验时，三个特征变量（每天吸烟的支数、禁欲期间注意力不集中的程度和尼古丁依赖）的中介作用显著（s=0.005-0.038），这超越了成年早期吸烟、ADHD 持续存在和犯罪行为的影响。
结论
这些行为吸烟特征有助于解释具有 ADHD 病史的成年人日后每日吸烟的情况，可能需要在干预中加以重视。
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