Bosscher D, Van Caillie-Bertrand M, Van Dyck K, Robberecht H, Van Cauwenbergh R, Deelstra H
University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Belgium.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2000 Apr;30(4):373-8. doi: 10.1097/00005176-200004000-00005.
Regurgitation is common in infants and is usually due to gastroesophageal reflux. Often parental reassurance and dietary management by feeding thickened formulas are the only therapeutic steps necessary. Adding fibers may interfere with the absorption of micronutrients.
A continuous-flow dialysis in vitro method with a preliminary intraluminal digestive phase, modified to simulate the conditions of infants less than 6 months of age and children from 6 months of age on, was used to study the availability of calcium, iron, and zinc from thickened and nonthickened first-and second-age infant formulas. Pooled mature human milk was used as the reference standard. The elemental content of the samples and dialysate fractions of calcium, iron, and zinc after digestion was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.
In human milk, calcium, iron, and zinc were highly available for absorptive processes. Availability of calcium, iron, and zinc from nonthickened first- and second-age infant formulas tends to be significantly better than in the corresponding products thickened with locust bean gum. Thickening infant formulas with pregelatinized rice starch, however, does not affect the availability of calcium, iron, and zinc.
It appears that human milk provides optimal conditions for the availability of calcium, iron, and zinc. Availability of calcium, iron, and zinc seems to lower when infant formulas are thickened with indigestible carbohydrates, whereas it does not by adding digestible carbohydrates.
反流在婴儿中很常见，通常是由于胃食管反流。通常，安抚家长并通过喂食增稠配方奶进行饮食管理是仅需采取的治疗措施。添加纤维可能会干扰微量营养素的吸收。
采用一种连续流动透析体外方法，该方法经过初步的腔内消化阶段，经过改进以模拟6个月以下婴儿和6个月及以上儿童的情况，用于研究增稠和未增稠的一岁及两岁婴儿配方奶中钙、铁和锌的可利用性。收集的成熟人乳用作参考标准。消化后样品和透析液中钙、铁和锌的元素含量通过原子吸收光谱法测定。
在人乳中，钙、铁和锌对于吸收过程具有高度可利用性。未增稠的一岁及两岁婴儿配方奶中钙、铁和锌的可利用性往往明显优于用刺槐豆胶增稠的相应产品。然而，用预糊化大米淀粉增稠婴儿配方奶不会影响钙、铁和锌的可利用性。
人乳似乎为钙、铁和锌的可利用性提供了最佳条件。当婴儿配方奶用难消化的碳水化合物增稠时，钙、铁和锌的可利用性似乎会降低，而添加易消化的碳水化合物则不会。
