Tanaka Yuki, Ohki Izuru, Murakami Kaoru, Ozawa Satoshi, Wang Yaze, Murakami Masaaki
Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Quantumimmunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.
Inflamm Regen. 2024 Mar 7;44(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s41232-024-00325-6.
The dynamic interaction and movement of substances and cells between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral organs are meticulously controlled by a specialized vascular structure, the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Experimental and clinical research has shown that disruptions in the BBB are characteristic of various neuroinflammatory disorders, including multiple sclerosis. We have been elucidating a mechanism termed the "gateway reflex" that details the entry of immune cells, notably autoreactive T cells, into the CNS at the onset of such diseases. This process is initiated through local neural responses to a range of environmental stimuli, such as gravity, electricity, pain, stress, light, and joint inflammation. These stimuli specifically activate neural pathways to open gateways at targeted blood vessels for blood immune cell entry. The gateway reflex is pivotal in managing tissue-specific inflammatory diseases, and its improper activation is linked to disease progression. In this review, we present a comprehensive examination of the gateway reflex mechanism.
中枢神经系统（CNS）与外周器官之间物质和细胞的动态相互作用及移动，受到一种特殊的血管结构——血脑屏障（BBB）的精确控制。实验和临床研究表明，血脑屏障的破坏是包括多发性硬化症在内的各种神经炎症性疾病的特征。我们一直在阐明一种称为“网关反射”的机制，该机制详细描述了免疫细胞，尤其是自身反应性T细胞，在这些疾病发作时进入中枢神经系统的过程。这个过程是通过局部神经对一系列环境刺激的反应启动的，如重力、电、疼痛、压力、光和关节炎症。这些刺激特异性地激活神经通路，在目标血管处打开通道，以便血液中的免疫细胞进入。网关反射在管理组织特异性炎症性疾病中起着关键作用，其不当激活与疾病进展有关。在这篇综述中，我们对网关反射机制进行了全面的研究。
