Lipkus I M, Crawford Y, Fenn K, Biradavolu M, Binder R A, Marcus A, Mason M
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
J Health Commun. 1999 Oct-Dec;4(4):311-24. doi: 10.1080/108107399126841.
This study assessed the extent to which different formats of informing men and women age 50 and over of the risks of colorectal cancer (CRC) affected their perceptions of their absolute and comparative (self versus other) 10-year and lifetime risks; emotional reactions about getting CRC; and screening intentions. Forty-four men and 78 women received information about the absolute lifetime risk of getting CRC. In addition, participants either did or did not receive information about (1) lifetime risk of getting CRC compared with other cancers, and (2) risk factors for CRC (age and polyps). Participants who received risk factors information were more likely to increase their perceived absolute 10-year and lifetime risks of getting CRC compared with participants who did not receive risk factors information. In addition, participants who received risk factors information were more likely to believe age was related to getting CRC and felt at greater risk for having polyps compared with participants who did not receive this information. None of the experimental conditions affected how worried, anxious, and fearful participants felt about getting CRC, nor did they affect screening intentions. Independent of experimental condition, participants tended to increase their intentions to get screened for CRC in the next year or two. Intention to be screened was more pronounced among participants who had been screened via a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) or sigmoidoscopy (SIG). Implications for the design of interventions involving the communication of CRC risks are discussed.
本研究评估了向50岁及以上的男性和女性告知结直肠癌（CRC）风险的不同形式在多大程度上影响了他们对自身10年和终生绝对风险及比较风险（自我与他人相比）的认知；对患CRC的情绪反应；以及筛查意愿。44名男性和78名女性收到了关于患CRC终生绝对风险的信息。此外，参与者要么收到要么未收到关于以下两方面的信息：（1）与其他癌症相比患CRC的终生风险，以及（2）CRC的风险因素（年龄和息肉）。与未收到风险因素信息的参与者相比，收到风险因素信息的参与者更有可能提高他们对患CRC的10年和终生绝对风险的认知。此外，与未收到此信息的参与者相比，收到风险因素信息的参与者更有可能认为年龄与患CRC有关，并且感觉患息肉的风险更大。没有一种实验条件影响参与者对患CRC的担忧、焦虑和恐惧程度，也没有影响他们的筛查意愿。与实验条件无关，参与者倾向于增加在未来一两年内进行CRC筛查的意愿。在通过粪便潜血试验（FOBT）或乙状结肠镜检查（SIG）进行过筛查的参与者中，进行筛查的意愿更为明显。文中讨论了对涉及CRC风险沟通的干预措施设计的启示。
