Ivy J L, Zderic T W, Fogt D L
Department of Kinesiology and Health, University of Texas at Austin, USA.
Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1999;27:1-35.
The benefits of exercise training in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance, impaired glucose homeostasis, and NIDDM are strongly supported by current research. The actual mechanisms involved have not been completely identified but occur at the systemic, tissue, and cellular levels. The adaptations that are responsible for the prophylactic effects of exercise training, however, start to subside rapidly once training ceases and are completely lost within 1 to 2 weeks of detraining [4, 17, 37, 68, 161]. Thus, the benefits of exercise training must be renewed on a regular basis. In addition, many of the systemic and cellular adaptations that are responsible for an improved skeletal muscle insulin action occur in only those muscles involved in the training program [4, 28]. Therefore, exercise training programs that consist of various modes of exercise, and which require the use of a large muscle mass, such as swimming, power walking, and strength training, may be the most advantageous for the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and associated diseases.
当前研究有力支持了运动训练在预防和治疗胰岛素抵抗、葡萄糖稳态受损及非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病方面的益处。其中涉及的实际机制尚未完全明确，但发生在全身、组织和细胞水平。然而，运动训练预防作用所依赖的适应性变化，一旦训练停止便迅速消退，在停止训练1至2周内完全消失[4, 17, 37, 68, 161]。因此，运动训练的益处必须定期恢复。此外，许多导致骨骼肌胰岛素作用改善的全身和细胞适应性变化仅发生在参与训练计划的那些肌肉中[4, 28]。所以，由多种运动模式组成且需要动用大量肌肉群的运动训练计划，如游泳、快走和力量训练，可能对预防和治疗胰岛素抵抗及相关疾病最为有利。
