Hernandez J M, Moccia T, Fluckey J D, Ulbrecht J S, Farrell P A
Noll Physiological Research Center and Center for Locomotion Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 May;32(5):904-10. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200005000-00005.
The present study assessed whether whole milk, skim milk, or two commercially available sports drinks are effective in preventing late onset postexercise hypoglycemia (LOPEH) in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Subjects ingested water, whole milk, skim milk, sport drink A (carbohydrate and electrolytes), or sport drink B (carbohydrate, fat, and protein) before, during, and after 1 h of bicycle exercise at 60% VO2max in the late afternoon. Drinks were isocaloric (470 +/- 150 kcal) and the number of calories consumed was based on individual energy expenditure. No adjustment in insulinization was allowed in anticipation of exercise.
During water trials all subjects became hypoglycemic. Most drinks lead to a moderate hyperglycemia (range of mean values = 200-280 mg x dL(-1)) during the period between the end of exercise and dinner, but this was not the case for whole milk (range 80-120 mg x dL(-1)). Glycemia peaked about 1.5 h after dinner and declined over the next 90 min. Persistent hyperglycemia (range of means = 200-310 mg x dL(-1)) from after exercise to about 4 h postexercise was observed with sports drink B. A decline in glycemia in the evening was greatest during the skim milk trial and required subjects to ingest more carbohydrate as a late evening snack. The least decline during this period occurred during the whole milk trial. Subjects experienced pre-bed and early morning (0300 h) hypoglycemia in 7 of the 28 trials.
These data show that whole milk and sports drinks that are designed for both quick (sport drink A) and long lasting (sport drink B) nutrient replenishment can be used by persons with type 1 diabetes in an effort to avoid LOPEH.
本研究评估全脂牛奶、脱脂牛奶或两种市售运动饮料对1型糖尿病患者预防运动后迟发性低血糖（LOPEH）是否有效。
受试者在傍晚以60%最大摄氧量进行1小时自行车运动前、运动期间和运动后，分别饮用了水、全脂牛奶、脱脂牛奶、运动饮料A（碳水化合物和电解质）或运动饮料B（碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质）。饮料的热量相等（470±150千卡），摄入的热量根据个体能量消耗而定。运动前不允许预先调整胰岛素剂量。
在饮水试验期间，所有受试者均出现低血糖。大多数饮料在运动结束至晚餐期间导致中度高血糖（平均值范围为200 - 280毫克/分升），但全脂牛奶并非如此（范围为80 - 120毫克/分升）。血糖在晚餐后约1.5小时达到峰值，并在接下来的90分钟内下降。运动饮料B在运动后至运动后约4小时观察到持续高血糖（平均值范围为200 - 310毫克/分升）。在脱脂牛奶试验期间，傍晚血糖下降幅度最大，这要求受试者在深夜加餐时摄入更多碳水化合物。在此期间，全脂牛奶试验中血糖下降幅度最小。28次试验中有7次受试者在睡前和凌晨3点出现低血糖。
这些数据表明，全脂牛奶以及专为快速（运动饮料A）和持久（运动饮料B）营养补充设计的运动饮料可供1型糖尿病患者使用，以避免运动后迟发性低血糖。
