Squires N
Department for International Development, 94 Victoria Street, London, U K, SW1E 5JL.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000(2):CD000053. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000053.
Schistosomiasis is a parasite that is carried by freshwater snails. There are two common forms, urinary schistosomiasis (which is considered in this review) and intestinal schistosomiasis.
The objective of this review was to assess the effects of drugs for treatment of Schistosomiasis haematobium.
The Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group trials register, Medline and reference lists of articles were searched. The WHO Division of Control of Tropical Diseases was contacted.
Randomised trials of metrifonate or praziquantel or other drugs for treating Schistosomiasis haematobium.
One reviewer assessed trial quality and extracted data, and this was checked by a review editor.
Five trials, all from Africa, were included. The quality of the trials was variable. There were no good randomised controlled trials of praziquantel single dose treatment versus current standard treatment with metrifonate of three doses of 10 milligrams per kilogram at two weekly intervals. Praziquantel at doses of 40 milligram per kilogram was more effective than single dose metrifonate 10 milligrams per kilogram (odds ratio 6.94, 95% confidence interval 4.85 to 9.92). In one trial of metrifonate compared with praziquantel, there was no difference demonstrated in a range of clinical outcomes including cessation of haematuria and proteinuria. Both drugs improved nutritional status and physical fitness.
REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Praziquantel (single dose) appears to be more effective than metrifonate (split dose) in terms of parasitological cure of Schistosomiasis haematobium, but the reinfection rate is high with both drugs.
血吸虫病是一种由淡水螺传播的寄生虫病。有两种常见类型，即尿路血吸虫病（本综述所涉及）和肠道血吸虫病。
本综述的目的是评估治疗埃及血吸虫病药物的疗效。
检索了Cochrane传染病组试验注册库、医学期刊数据库（Medline）以及文章的参考文献列表。还联系了世界卫生组织热带病控制司。
关于敌百虫、吡喹酮或其他治疗埃及血吸虫病药物的随机试验。
由一名评价员评估试验质量并提取数据，然后由一名综述编辑进行核对。
纳入了5项试验，均来自非洲。试验质量参差不齐。没有关于吡喹酮单剂量治疗与当前标准治疗（每千克10毫克，分3剂，每隔一周服用一次）敌百虫的良好随机对照试验。每千克40毫克剂量的吡喹酮比每千克10毫克单剂量敌百虫更有效（优势比6.94，95%置信区间4.85至9.92）。在一项比较敌百虫与吡喹酮的试验中，在包括血尿和蛋白尿停止等一系列临床结果方面未显示出差异。两种药物均改善了营养状况和身体健康状况。
就埃及血吸虫病的寄生虫学治愈而言，吡喹酮（单剂量）似乎比敌百虫（分剂量）更有效，但两种药物的再感染率都很高。
